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In 1983 , two separate research groups led by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier declared that a novel retrovirus may have been infecting people with AIDS , and published their findings in the same issue of the journal Science .
Mnamo 1983 , vikundi viwili tofauti vya watafiti vilivyoongozwa na Robert Gallo na Luc Montagnier bila kutegemeana vilitangaza kuwa retrovirusi mpya ilikuwa ikiwaambukiza wagonjwa wa UKIMWI , hivyo wakachapisha matokeo yao katika jarida la Science .
In the early days , the CDC did not have an official name for the disease , often referring to it by way of the diseases that were associated with it , for example , lymphadenopathy , the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus .
Katika siku za kwanza , kituo hicho hakikuwa na jina rasmi la ugonjwa huu , mara nyingi wakitumia majina ya magonjwa mengine yaliyohusishwa nao , kwa mfano , limfadenopathi , jina ambalo baadaye wavumbuzi wa VVU waliviita virusi hivi .
The chance of quitting is improved with social support , engagement in a smoking cessation program , and the use of medications such as nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , or varenicline .
Uwezekano wa kukoma huendelezwa kwa usaidizi wa kijamii , kuhusika katika mpango wa kukomesha uvutaji na kutumia tiba kama vile tiba ya kubadili nikotini , bupropion au varenicline .
Both strains of the tuberculosis bacteria share a common ancestor , which could have infected humans even before the Neolithic Revolution .
Wote Matatizo ya bakteria kifua kikuu kushiriki babu ya kawaida , ambayo ingeweza kuambukizwa binadamu kama mapema kama Mapinduzi Neolithic .
Products with 60 % to 95 % alcohol by volume are effective antiseptics .
Michanganyiko huwa na asilimia 60 - 95 za alikoholi .
Hermann Brehmer opened the first TB sanatorium in 1859 in Görbersdorf ( now Sokołowsko ) in Silesia .
Hermann Brehmer kufunguliwa kwanza TB sanatorium katika 1859 katika Sokołowsko , Poland .
An alternative view holds that unsafe medical practices in Africa after World War II , such as unsterile reuse of single-use syringes during mass vaccination , antibiotic and anti-malaria treatment campaigns , were the initial vector that allowed the virus to adapt to humans and spread .
Maoni mengine yanadokeza kuwa hatua zisizo salama za uuguzi barani Afrika katika miaka ya baada ya Vita vya pili vya dunia , kama vile kutumia tena na tena sindano zisizosafishwa kuchanja umati , antibayotiki na kampeni dhidi ya malaria ndizo njia za kwanza zilizoruhusu virusi hivyo kujibadilisha vikiwa ndani ya wanadamu kisha kuenea .
In this group of people , it decreases the risk of heart failure and death if used 15 hours per day and may improve people 's ability to exercise .
Katika kundi hili la watu , hupunguza hatari ya moyo kushindwa kufanya kazi na kifo iwapo ikitumia saa 15 kwa siku na inaweza kuongeza uwezo wa watu kufanya mazoezi .
A recombinant immunoblot assay is used to verify the immunoassay and the viral load is determined by an HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction .
Uchanganuzi wa recombinant immunoblot inathibitisha immunoassay , na mmenyuko wa HCV RNA polimeresi huamua ukali .
IGRAs may increase sensitivity when used in addition to the skin test , but may be less sensitive than the skin test when used alone .
IGRAs inaweza kuongeza usikivu wakati kutumika kwa kuongeza mtihani ngozi lakini inaweza kuwa chini zaidi kuliko mtihani nyeti ngozi wakati kutumika peke yake . .