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Session 40 - The Interstellar Medium.
Seja 40 - Medzvezdni medij.
Display session, Tuesday, June 09
Prikazna seja, torek, junij 09
Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) explosions can make kpc-size shells and holes in the interstellar media (ISM) of spiral galaxies if much of the energy heats the local gas to above 10^7 K. Disk blowout is probably the major cause for energy loss in this case, but the momentum acquired during the pressurized expansion phase can be large enough that the bubble still snowplows to a kpc diameter.
Eksplozije Gama Ray Burst (GRB) lahko naredijo lupine in luknje velikosti kpc v medzvezdnem mediju (ISM) spiralnih galaksij, če velik del energije segreje lokalni plin na nad 10 ^ 7 K. V tem primeru je izpuh diska verjetno glavni vzrok za izgubo energije, vendar je lahko zagon, pridobljen med fazo ekspanzije pod pritiskom, dovolj velik, da mehur še vedno sne.
This differs from the standard model for the origin of such shells by multiple supernovae, which may have problems with radiative cooling, evaporative losses, and disk blow-out. Evidence for giant shells with energies of \sim10^53 ergs are summarized.
To se razlikuje od standardnega modela za nastanek takšnih lupin z več supernovami, ki imajo lahko težave z radiacijskim hlajenjem, izhlapevanjem in izpuhom diska. Povzeti so dokazi za velikanske lupine z energijami \sim10^53 ergs.
Some contain no obvious central star clusters and may be GRB remnants, although sufficiently old clusters would be hard to detect. The expected frequency of GRBs in normal galaxies can account for the number of such shells.
Nekatere ne vsebujejo očitnih osrednjih zvezdnih kopic in so lahko ostanki GRB, čeprav bi bile dovolj stare kopice težko zaznati. Pričakovana frekvenca GRB v normalnih galaksijah lahko izračuna število takšnih lupin.
Program listing for Tuesday
Seznam programov za torek
A land whose rich cultural heritage is discovered not only from within the walls of numerous museums, galleries and churches, many of which today, as zero category monuments are included in a part of the UNESCO World Heritage List, but also in that magical place on the Mediterranean, where even the shortest stroll becomes a journey down a staircase thousands of years old, which takes one through a history that is at the same time turbulent, exciting and glorious.
Dežela, katere bogata kulturna dediščina je odkrita ne le znotraj zidov številnih muzejev, galerij in cerkva, od katerih so mnogi danes kot spomeniki ničelne kategorije vključeni v del Unescovega seznama svetovne dediščine, ampak tudi v tistem čarobnem kraju na Sredozemlju, kjer tudi najkrajši sprehod postane pot po stopnicah tisočletja, ki vas vodi skozi zgodovino, ki je hkrati burna, vzne in vzne.
With as many as seven cultural phenomena- The Festivity of Saint Blaise, lace-making in Lepoglava, Hvar and Pag, the bell ringers from the Kastav region, the Hvar Procession Za Križem, (‘following the Cross’), two-part singing in the Istrian scale, in Istria and Hrvatsko Primorje, the spring procession of ‘Ljelje’ and traditional manufacture of wooden toys in the Hrvatsko zagorje region, Croatia is among the countries with the most protected intangible cultural heritage elements, recorded on the UNESCO List.
S kar sedem kulturnih pojavov- Praznik svetega Vlade, čipkarstvo v Lepoglavi, Hvaru in Pagu, zvonarji iz Kastavske regije, hvarska procesija Za Križem, ("po križu"), dvodelno petje v istrski lestvici, v Istri in na Hrvaškem Primorju, spomladanska procesija "Lišče" je zaščitena med državami in tradicionalno proizvodnjo lesa.
The famous scientist Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), inventor of alternating current.
Znani znanstvenik Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), izumitelj izmeničnih tokov.
Was born in Smiljan, Croatia, died in New York, USA.
Rodil se je v Smiljanu na Hrvaškem, umrl v New Yorku v ZDA.
Dog breed Dalmatian originates from these areas? In a small Franciscan monastery in Zaostrog, there is a painting from 1724 which for the first time depicts a Dalmatian dog…
V majhnem frančiškanskem samostanu v Zaostrogu je slika iz leta 1724, ki prvič prikazuje dalmatinskega psa.
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala
In 1906, a Croat Slavoljub Eduard Penkala for the first time applied for a patent for a ballpoint (penkala) and a holder for a fountain pen.
Leta 1906 je hrvaški Slavoljub Eduard Penkala prvič zaprosil za patent za kroglico (penkala) in držalo za pero.
From time immemorial, the tie has been a part of the Croatian national costume, which was preserved by the Croats to the more recent times, who moved to central Europe in the 16th century.
Kravata je od nekdaj del hrvaške narodne noše, ki so jo Hrvati ohranili do novejših časov, ki so se v 16. stoletju preselili v Srednjo Evropo.
It was later taken over by the Croatian soldiers who were fighting in Europe, and a part of their uniform was assumed by the French in the 17th century.
Kasneje so ga prevzeli hrvaški vojaki, ki so se borili v Evropi, del njihove uniforme pa so prevzeli Francozi v 17. stoletju.
Under the leadership of the French „God of Sun" Louis XIV there was a horsemen unit, the so-called Royal cravate, who wore mostly red collar ribbons.
Pod vodstvom francoskega »boga sonca« Ludvika XIV. je obstajala enota jezdecev, tako imenovana kraljeva kravata, ki je večinoma nosila rdeče ovratnice.
The custom of wearing ribbons from the Croats dates back to this time, which was later expanded around Europe and the world, and today is inevitably the most important detail in men's fashion, and also an original Croatian souvenir.
Običaj nošenja hrvaških trakov sega v ta čas, ki se je kasneje razširil po Evropi in svetu, danes pa je neizogibno najpomembnejša podrobnost v moški modi in tudi izvirni hrvaški spominek.
The word «kravata» (tie) originates from the word «Kroate»...
Beseda »kravata« (kravata) izvira iz besede »hrvaščina«.
The world traveler and explorer Marco Polo was born in 1254, most probably on the island of Korčula. Even today, there are people living on the island with the same last name..
Svetovni popotnik in raziskovalec Marco Polo se je rodil leta 1254, najverjetneje na otoku Korčuli. Še danes na otoku živijo ljudje z istim priimkom.
Island of Vrnik is situated in the archipelago of the Pelješac canal in front of the east coast of Korčula island, widely known for its stone-pit of quality lime-stone (marble) from which Aia Sofia (Istanbul) and the While House (Washington) were partly built as were some palaces-town halls in Dubrovnik, Stockholm, Venice, Vienna.
Otok Vrnik se nahaja v arhipelagu Pelješac kanala pred vzhodno obalo otoka Korčula, splošno znan po kamnitem jami kakovostnega apnenca (marmorja), iz katerega sta bila delno zgrajena Aia Sofia (Istanbul) in While House (Washington) kot tudi nekatere palače-mestne dvorane v Dubrovniku, Stockholmu, Benenih in Dunah.
Visit to the fertile plains of Baranja where the grapes have been cultivated for centuries, is not complete if you do not taste the "golden drops" of Baranja's vineyards.
Obisk rodovitnih ravnic Baranje, kjer se grozdje goji že stoletja, ni popoln, če ne okusite "zlatih kapljic" baranjskih vinogradov.
According to the old manuscripts, vine was a usual drink at the royal court of Maria Teresa, and the ancient Romans, delighted with its bouquet and with the sun rises and sunsets of that region, called it the "Golden hill"...
Po starih rokopisih je bila vinska trta običajna pijača na kraljevem dvoru Marije Terezije, stari Rimljani pa so jo, navdušeni nad njenim šopkom ter sončnimi vzhodi in zahodi te regije, imenovali "Zlati hrib" ...
There is a Ulysses' cave on the island of Mljet. It was named after a story which says that a famous adventurer stranded on the nearby cliff Ogiron, where he met the nymph Calypso with whom he fell in love, and spent unforgettable moments in her company...
Na otoku Mljetu je Ulisisova jama, ki je dobila ime po zgodbi, ki pravi, da se je znani pustolovec zataknil na bližnji skali Ogiron, kjer je spoznal nimfo Calypso, v katero se je zaljubil, in preživel nepozabne trenutke v njeni družbi...
Red-white coat of arms
Rdeče-bel grb
Recognizable all over the world, and related only to Croats - characteristic cube-shaped red-white coat of arms which is believed to originate from the Persian original homeland of Croats (red signifies south and white signifies north).
Prepoznaven po vsem svetu in povezan samo s Hrvati - značilen rdeče-bel grb v obliki kocke, za katerega se domneva, da izvira iz perzijske prvotne domovine Hrvatov (rdeča pomeni jug in bela pomeni sever).
That is where the name for two Croatias derives from, i.e. White in north and Red in south.
Od tod izvira ime za dve Hrvaški, tj. Bela na severu in Rdeča na jugu.
When the Croats have selected Ferdinand Habsburg to be their King in Cetine in 1527, they confirmed that choice with some seals, and one of them was Croatian coat of arms, but with 64 fields, i.e. the complete chess-board.
Ko so Hrvati leta 1527 izbrali Ferdinanda Habsburškega za svojega kralja na Cetini, so to izbiro potrdili z nekaj pečati, eden od njih je bil hrvaški grb, vendar s 64 polji, tj. celotno šahovnico.
That is where the popular term „šahovnica" derives from, and Šah (chess) in Persian means the Ruler - Tsar.
Od tod izvira priljubljen izraz šahovnica, šah pa v perzijščini pomeni vladar - car.
Did you know that there is a world rarity in the Archeological museum in Zagreb? Of course, we are talking about the Zagreb mummy.
Ali ste vedeli, da je v Arheološkem muzeju v Zagrebu svetovna redkost? Seveda govorimo o zagrebški mumiji.
Nesi-hensu, the wife of Aher-hensu, „the divine tailor" from Thebes, is the name of a mummified woman who was wrapped in cut ribbons of Zagreb linen book which represents the longest preserved text in Etruscan language and the only preserved sample of linen book in the entire Ancient world.
Nesi-hensu, žena Aher-hensuja, »božanskega krojača« iz Teb, je ime mumificirane ženske, ki je bila zavita v izrezane trakove zagrebške lanene knjige, ki predstavlja najdlje ohranjeno besedilo v etruščanskem jeziku in edini ohranjeni vzorec lanene knjige v celotnem antičnem svetu.
Top seven world getaways
Top sedem svetovnih pobegov
The American magazine "In Style" has included Croatia on its list of seven top world destinations ("Top seven world getaways"). The article authors recommend a visit to Croatia for its very rich historical-cultural heritage, natural beauties and clean sea.
Ameriška revija "In Style" je Hrvaško uvrstila na svoj seznam sedmih najboljših svetovnih destinacij ("Top sedem svetovnih pobegov"). Avtorji članka priporočajo obisk Hrvaške zaradi zelo bogate zgodovinsko-kulturne dediščine, naravnih lepot in čistega morja.
In addition to Croatia, the list of top seven places includes Kenya, South Africa, London, Greek island Santorini and three American destinations - Aspen, Napa Valley and Nantucket.
Poleg Hrvaške, seznam sedmih najboljših mest vključuje Kenijo, Južno Afriko, London, grški otok Santorini in tri ameriške destinacije - Aspen, Napa Valley in Nantucket.
Every day, for over hundred and ten years, the cannon fires from the top of tower Lotrščak exactly at noon in memory of an event from Zagreb history.
Vsak dan, več kot sto deset let, topovski ogenj z vrha stolpa Lotrščak točno opoldne v spomin na dogodek iz zagrebške zgodovine.
According to the legend, exactly at noon, the Grič canon fired a discharge from Lotrščak to the Turkish camp located across Sava and blew out a rooster (or a turkey) which the cook was taking to Pasha on a platter.
Po legendi je točno opoldne gričevski kanon izstrelil iz Lotrščaka v turški tabor nasproti Save in odpihnil petelina (ali purana), ki ga je kuhar odnesel Paši na pladnju.
After this event, the Turks scattered and did not attack Zagreb...
Po tem dogodku so se Turki razkropili in niso napadli Zagreba.
Average life span in the wild: 12 years
Povprečna življenjska doba v divjini: 12 let
Size: 21 in (50 cm)
Velikost: 21 inch (50 cm)
Weight: 14.4 oz (408 g)
Teža: 14,4 oz (408 g)
Did you know? Chameleons don't change colors to match their surroundings. Each species displays distinct color patterns to indicate specific reactions or emotions.
Kameleoni ne spreminjajo barve, da bi ustrezali svoji okolici. Vsaka vrsta ima različne barvne vzorce, ki kažejo na določene reakcije ali čustva.
The Meller's chameleon is the largest of the chameleons not native to Madagascar. Their stout bodies can grow to be up to two feet (two-thirds of a meter) long and weigh more than a pound (one-half kilogram).
Mellerjev kameleon je največji izmed kameleonov, ki niso domači na Madagaskarju. Njihova močna telesa lahko zrastejo do dveh metrov (dve tretjini metra) in tehtajo več kot funt (pol kilograma).
Meller's distinguish themselves from their universally bizarre-looking cousins with a single small horn protruding from the front of their snouts. This and their size earn them the common name "giant one-horned chameleon."
Mellerjevi se razlikujejo od svojih univerzalno bizarnih bratrancev z enim majhnim rogom, ki štrli iz sprednjega dela njuhov. To in njihova velikost jim zaslužita skupno ime "velika enoroga kameleona".
They are fairly common in the savanna of East Africa, including Malawi, northern Mozambique, and Tanzania. Almost one-half of the world’s chameleons live on the island of Madagascar.
So precej pogosti v savani vzhodne Afrike, vključno z Malavijem, severnim Mozambikom in Tanzanijo. Skoraj polovica svetovnih kameleonov živi na otoku Madagaskar.
As with all chameleons, Meller's will change colors in response to stress and to communicate with other chameleons. Their normal appearance is deep green with yellow stripes and random black spots.
Kot pri vseh kameleonih bo Meller spremenil barve kot odziv na stres in komuniciral z drugimi kameleoni. Njihov normalni videz je globoko zelen z rumenimi črtami in naključnimi črnimi pikami.
Females are slightly smaller, but are otherwise indistinguishable from males.
Samice so nekoliko manjše, vendar se drugače ne razlikujejo od samcev.
They subsist on insects and small birds, using their camouflage and a lightning-fast, catapulting tongue, which can be up to 20 inches (50 centimeters) long, to ambush prey.
Živijo na žuželkah in majhnih pticah, uporabljajo svojo kamuflažo in strele-hiter, katapultira jezik, ki je lahko do 20 centimetrov (50 centimetrov) dolg, da zasedo plen.
Exotic pet enthusiasts often attempt to keep Meller's chameleons as pets. However, they are highly susceptible to even the slightest level of stress and are very difficult to care for in captivity. In the wild, they can live as long as 12 years.
Eksotični ljubitelji hišnih ljubljenčkov pogosto poskušajo obdržati Mellerjeve kameleone kot hišne ljubljenčke. Vendar pa so zelo dovzetni za celo najmanjšo stopnjo stresa in jih je zelo težko skrbeti v ujetništvu. V divjini lahko živijo do 12 let.
Nuclear Energy in France
Jedrska energija v Franciji
Nuclear energy is the cornerstone of french energy policy. In the ‘70s France chose to develop nuclear as its base load electricity source as a response to the oil crisis and assure its energy independence.
Jedrska energija je temelj francoske energetske politike. V 70-ih letih se je Francija odločila za razvoj jedrske energije kot svojega osnovnega vira električne energije kot odgovor na naftno krizo in zagotovi svojo energetsko neodvisnost.
Nuclear Electricity Production: France currently counts 58 commercial nuclear reactors in operation responsible for producing 80% of French domestic electricity. As a comparison, the 104 US reactors produces 20% of US electricity.
Proizvodnja jedrske električne energije: Francija trenutno šteje 58 komercialnih jedrskih reaktorjev, ki so odgovorni za proizvodnjo 80% francoske domače električne energije. Za primerjavo, 104 ameriških reaktorjev proizvaja 20% električne energije v ZDA.
Despite scarce natural resources, France has reached an energy independence of 50% thanks to its strategic choice for nuclear energy.
Kljub omejenim naravnim virom je Francija zaradi svoje strateške izbire za jedrsko energijo dosegla 50-odstotno energetsko neodvisnost.
Environment: As well as providing safe and reliable energy, nuclear helps to reduce French greenhouse gas emissions by avoiding the release of 31 billions tones of carbon dioxide (contrary to coal or gas generation) and making France the less carbon emitting country within the OECD.
Okolje: Poleg zagotavljanja varne in zanesljive energije jedrska energija pomaga zmanjšati emisije toplogrednih plinov v Franciji, saj se izogne izpustu 31 milijard ton ogljikovega dioksida (v nasprotju s proizvodnjo premoga ali plina) in Francija postane država z manj emisijami ogljika v OECD.
As a leader in nuclear energy, France has developed clean technology for radioactive waste disposal.
Kot vodilni na področju jedrske energije je Francija razvila čisto tehnologijo za odstranjevanje radioaktivnih odpadkov.
Reprocessing currently allows France to recover valuable elements from spent fuels and permit a significant reduction of high level waste and lead to safer and optimized containment, for final radioactive waste disposition.
Ponovna predelava trenutno omogoča Franciji, da iz izrabljenih goriv pridobi dragocene elemente in omogoči znatno zmanjšanje odpadkov na visoki ravni ter privede do varnejšega in optimiziranega zadrževanja za končno odlaganje radioaktivnih odpadkov.
French nuclear power plants produces only 10 g/year/inhabitant of highly radioactive waste.
Francoske jedrske elektrarne proizvedejo le 10 g visoko radioaktivnih odpadkov na leto.
International Cooperation and research: France is one of the forerunner in nuclear research and participates in numerous international cooperation programs alongside the United States such as the development of the next generation of nuclear power plants (Gen IV) and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) that will be built in Cadarache, South of France.
Mednarodno sodelovanje in raziskave: Francija je ena od predhodnic na področju jedrskih raziskav in sodeluje v številnih mednarodnih programih sodelovanja skupaj z Združenimi državami, kot sta razvoj nove generacije jedrskih elektrarn (Gen IV) in mednarodni termonuklearni eksperimentalni reaktor (ITER), ki bo zgrajen v Cadaracheu na jugu Francije.
The French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
Francoska komisija za atomsko energijo (CEA)
The French Atomic Energy Commission is a public body established in October 1945 by General de Gaulle. It constitutes a power of expertise and proposition for the authorities.
Francoska komisija za atomsko energijo je javni organ, ki ga je oktobra 1945 ustanovil general de Gaulle.
A leader in research, development and innovation, the CEA is involved in three main fields:
Vodilni na področju raziskav, razvoja in inovacij je CEA vključena na treh glavnih področjih:
It develops and acquires the technological building blocks necessary to the development of the nuclear reactors of the future (Contribution to Generation IV and GNEP research),
razvija in pridobiva tehnološke gradnike, potrebne za razvoj jedrskih reaktorjev prihodnosti (prispevek k raziskavam IV. generacije in GNEP),
It contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emission with its research on hydrogen, fuel cells, biomass, energy storage…,
Prispeva k zmanjšanju emisij toplogrednih plinov s svojimi raziskavami vodika, gorivnih celic, biomase, shranjevanja energije...,
It supports the nuclear utilities in France by optimizing the nuclear power plants of the French nuclear fleet and by optimizing the fuel cycle,
Podpira jedrske elektrarne v Franciji z optimizacijo jedrskih elektrarn francoske jedrske flote in z optimizacijo gorivnega cikla,
It offers safe and economically viable technical solutions for managing nuclear waste,
Ponuja varne in ekonomsko izvedljive tehnične rešitve za ravnanje z jedrskimi odpadki,
It conducts fundamental research in climate and environmental sciences, high energy physics, astrophysics, fusion, nanosciences…
Izvaja temeljne raziskave na področju podnebnih in okoljskih znanosti, fizike visoke energije, astrofizike, fuzije, nanoznanosti...
Information and Health technologies:
Informacijske in zdravstvene tehnologije:
It tackles micro and nano-technologies for telecommunication and nuclear medicine for radiotherapy and medical imaging,
Obravnava mikro- in nanotehnologije za telekomunikacije in jedrsko medicino za radioterapijo in medicinsko slikanje,
It researches programs on biotechnology, molecular labelling, biomolecular engineering and structural biology,
Raziskuje programe na področju biotehnologije, molekularnega označevanja, biomolekularnega inženirstva in strukturne biologije,
It shares its knowledge and know-how through education and training through the National Institute for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (INSTN),
Svoje znanje in strokovno znanje deli z izobraževanjem in usposabljanjem prek Nacionalnega inštituta za jedrske znanosti in tehnologije (INSTN),
It manages over 300 priority patents and is active in the creation of clusters.
Upravlja več kot 300 prednostnih patentov in je dejaven pri ustvarjanju grozdov.
Defense and National Security:
Obramba in nacionalna varnost:
It conceives, builds, maintains then dismantles the nuclear warhead of the French deterrence force,
Zasnuje, gradi, vzdržuje, nato razstavi jedrsko bojno glavo francoskih odvračilnih sil,
It helps to fight against nuclear, biological and chemical weapons (NRBC program).
Pomaga pri boju proti jedrskemu, biološkemu in kemičnemu orožju (program NRBC).
The missions of the CEA are similar to the Department of Energy in the United States. The CEA has a network of counselor or representatives in French Embassies around the world (see joint map).
Poslanstvo CEA je podobno Ministrstvu za energijo v Združenih državah Amerike. CEA ima mrežo svetovalcev ali predstavnikov na francoskih veleposlaništvih po vsem svetu (glej skupni zemljevid).
The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN)
Francoska agencija za jedrsko varnost (ASN)
Created in 2006, from the former DSIN (Directorate for the Safety of Nuclear Facilities), the French Nuclear Safety Authority is an independent administrative authority which is tasked with regulating nuclear safety and radiation protection in order to protect workers, patients, the public and the environment from the risks involved in nuclear activities.
Ustanovljen leta 2006, iz nekdanjega DSIN (Directorate for the Safety of Nuclear Facilities), je francoski organ za jedrsko varnost neodvisen upravni organ, ki je odgovoren za urejanje jedrske varnosti in varstva pred sevanjem, da bi zaščitil delavce, paciente, javnost in okolje pred tveganji, povezanimi z jedrskimi dejavnostmi.
It also contributes to informing the public. Like the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the United States, it carries out inspections and may pronounce sanctions, up to and including suspension of operation of an installation.
Tako kot Komisija za jedrsko regulacijo v Združenih državah Amerike izvaja inšpekcijske preglede in lahko naloži sankcije, do vključno prekinitve delovanja naprave.
French Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN)
Francoski inštitut za zaščito pred sevanjem in jedrsko varnost (IRSN)
Created in 2001 by merging the Protection and Nuclear Safety Institute (IPSN) and the Ionizing radiations Protection Office (OPRI), the Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety is a public establishment of an industrial and commercial nature placed under the joint authority of the Ministries of the Environment, Health, Industry, Research and Defense.
Ustanovljen leta 2001 z združitvijo Inštituta za zaščito in jedrsko varnost (IPSN) in Urada za zaščito pred ionizirajočim sevanjem (OPRI), je Inštitut za zaščito pred sevanjem in jedrsko varnost javna ustanova industrijske in komercialne narave pod skupno pristojnostjo ministrstev za okolje, zdravje, industrijo, raziskave in obrambo.
It is the expert in safety research and specialized assessments into nuclear and radiological risk serving public authorities whose work is complementary to the ASN.
Je strokovnjak na področju raziskav varnosti in specializiranih ocen jedrskega in radiološkega tveganja, ki služi javnim organom, katerih delo dopolnjuje ASN.
Its scope of activities includes:
Njen obseg dejavnosti vključuje:
environment and response, human radiological protection, research on the prevention of major accidents, power reactor safety, fuel cycle facility safety, research installation safety, waste management safety; nuclear defense expertise.
okolje in odziv, zaščita ljudi pred sevanjem, raziskave o preprečevanju večjih nesreč, varnost reaktorja, varnost objekta gorivnega cikla, varnost raziskovalnega objekta, varnost ravnanja z odpadki; strokovno znanje jedrske obrambe.
National radioactive Waste Management Agency (ANDRA)
Nacionalna agencija za ravnanje z radioaktivnimi odpadki (ANDRA)
Created in 1991, the French National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management is a public industrial and commercial organization that operates independently of waste producers.
Ustanovljena leta 1991, Francoska nacionalna agencija za ravnanje z radioaktivnimi odpadki je javna industrijska in komercialna organizacija, ki deluje neodvisno od proizvajalcev odpadkov.
It is responsible for the long-term management of radioactive waste produced in France under the supervision of the French Ministries for Energy, Research and the Environment.
Odgovoren je za dolgoročno ravnanje z radioaktivnimi odpadki, nastalimi v Franciji, pod nadzorom francoskih ministrstev za energijo, raziskave in okolje.
It can be compared to a certain extent to the Office for Nuclear Waste of the Department of Energy in the United States.
Do neke mere jo lahko primerjamo z Uradom za jedrske odpadke Ministrstva za energijo v Združenih državah Amerike.
Andra also pursues industrial, research, and information activities as it designs and implements disposal solutions suited to each category of radioactive waste:
Andra se ukvarja tudi z industrijskimi, raziskovalnimi in informacijskimi dejavnostmi, saj načrtuje in izvaja rešitve za odstranjevanje, ki so primerne za vsako kategorijo radioaktivnih odpadkov:
the collection, conditioning, disposal of radioactive waste from small producers (hospitals, research centers, industry), specification of waste packages for disposal, disposal in suited sites, monitoring of closed disposal facilities, research programs for long-lived and high level activity waste, especially through the operation of an underground research laboratory in a deep clay formation…
zbiranje, kondicioniranje, odstranjevanje radioaktivnih odpadkov malih proizvajalcev (bolnišnice, raziskovalni centri, industrija), specifikacija odpadnih paketov za odstranjevanje, odstranjevanje v primernih območjih, spremljanje zaprtih objektov za odstranjevanje, raziskovalni programi za dolgotrajne in visoko aktivne odpadke, predvsem z delovanjem podzemnega raziskovalnega laboratorija v globoki glineni tvorbi...
General Directorate for Energy and Climate (DGEC)
Generalni direktorat za energijo in podnebje (DGEC)
The General Directorate for Energy and Climate represents the government and is part of the Office of the Department for Ecology and Sustainable Development. It defines the French nuclear policy.
Generalni direktorat za energijo in podnebje predstavlja vlado in je del urada Ministrstva za ekologijo in trajnostni razvoj ter opredeljuje francosko jedrsko politiko.
The DGEC takes care of the energy supply, the security of supply, oil refining and logistics, nuclear industry, and coal and mines.
DGEC skrbi za oskrbo z energijo, zanesljivost oskrbe, rafiniranje nafte in logistiko, jedrsko industrijo ter premog in rudnike.
Consequently, its activities include:
Posledično njegove dejavnosti vključujejo:
the design and implement energy and raw material supply policy, to ensure opening of electricity and gas markets, track key energy and raw material sectors, to oversee enterprises and public institutions in energy sector, to ensure compliance with rules and regulations governing energy sector, to participate in European and international energy projects and working groups, to provide economic, environmental, and fiscal expertise on energy matters.
oblikovanje in izvajanje politike oskrbe z energijo in surovinami, da se zagotovi odprtje trgov z električno energijo in plinom, sledenje ključnim energetskim in surovinskim sektorjem, nadzorovanje podjetij in javnih institucij v energetskem sektorju, zagotavljanje skladnosti s pravili in predpisi, ki urejajo energetski sektor, sodelovanje v evropskih in mednarodnih energetskih projektih in delovnih skupinah, zagotavljanje ekonomskega, okoljskega in davčnega strokovnega znanja o energetskih vprašanjih.
The Rise of Nuclear Power Generation in France.
Vzpon proizvodnje jedrske energije v Franciji.
White-throated Magpie-Jays (Calocitta formosa) are beautiful big jays that travel the North Pacific slopes in small flocks. Their songs and calls are quite varied - this is one of the typical calls, recorded on the road to Monteverde (Costa Rica).
Belo grlo Magpie-Jays (Calocitta formosa) so lepe velike jays, ki potujejo po pobočjih severnega Pacifika v majhnih jatah. Njihove pesmi in klici so precej raznoliki - to je eden od tipičnih klicev, posnetih na poti v Monteverde (Kostarika).
Douglas Von Gausig (recordist; copyright holder), Naturesongs.com
Douglas Von Gausig (snemalec; imetnik avtorskih pravic), Naturesongs.com
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
To delo je objavljeno pod licenco Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 3.0 Unported.
Disclaimer: The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe.
Disclaimer: Animal Diversity Web je izobraževalni vir, ki ga večinoma pišejo in za študente. ADW ne pokriva vseh vrst na svetu, niti ne vključuje vseh najnovejših znanstvenih informacij o organizmih, ki jih opisujemo.
Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts.
Čeprav urejamo naše račune za točnost, ne moremo jamčiti za vse informacije v teh računih.
While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control.
Medtem ko osebje ADW in sodelavci zagotavljajo sklicevanja na knjige in spletne strani, za katere menimo, da so ugledne, ne moremo nujno potrditi vsebine sklicevanja izven našega nadzora.