Previous abstract Next abstract
teibí roimhe seo Ar Aghaidh teibí
Session 40 - The Interstellar Medium.
Seisiún 40 - An Meán Intersler.
Display session, Tuesday, June 09
Seisiún taispeána, Dé Mairt, Meitheamh 09
Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) explosions can make kpc-size shells and holes in the interstellar media (ISM) of spiral galaxies if much of the energy heats the local gas to above 10^7 K. Disk blowout is probably the major cause for energy loss in this case, but the momentum acquired during the pressurized expansion phase can be large enough that the bubble still snowplows to a kpc diameter.
Is féidir le taispeántais Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) sliogáin méid agus poill a dhéanamh sna meáin idir-réalta (ISM) de réaltraí bíseach más rud é go leor de na heats fuinnimh an gás áitiúil chun os cionn 10 ^7 K. Is dócha go bhfuil an t-ábhar mór do chailliúint fuinnimh sa chás seo, ach is féidir leis an móiminteam a fuarthas le linn na céime leathnaithe brú a bheith mór go leor go fóill snows an mboilgeog le trastomhas ríomhaire.
This differs from the standard model for the origin of such shells by multiple supernovae, which may have problems with radiative cooling, evaporative losses, and disk blow-out. Evidence for giant shells with energies of \sim10^53 ergs are summarized.
Tá sé seo difriúil ón tsamhail chaighdeánach do thionscnamh na sliogáin den sórt sin trí iliomad ollmhoilleanna, a bhféadfadh fadhbanna a bheith aige le fuarú radantach, caillteanais chruinneacha, agus buille amach diosca.Fianaise i gcomhair sliogáin ollmhór le fuinneamh \sim10^53.
Some contain no obvious central star clusters and may be GRB remnants, although sufficiently old clusters would be hard to detect. The expected frequency of GRBs in normal galaxies can account for the number of such shells.
Tá cuid acu gan aon bhraislí réalta lárnacha soiléire agus d’fhéadfadh sé a bheith ina n-ath iarsmaí de chuid GRB, cé go mbeadh sé deacair seanbhraislí a bhrath go leor.
Program listing for Tuesday
Liosta de réir cláir Dé Máirt
A land whose rich cultural heritage is discovered not only from within the walls of numerous museums, galleries and churches, many of which today, as zero category monuments are included in a part of the UNESCO World Heritage List, but also in that magical place on the Mediterranean, where even the shortest stroll becomes a journey down a staircase thousands of years old, which takes one through a history that is at the same time turbulent, exciting and glorious.
Talamh a bhfuil a oidhreacht chultúrtha saibhir le fáil ní hamháin ó laistigh de bhallaí na músaeim, na n-gailearaithe agus na n-eaglaisí iomadúla, a bhfuil go leor acu sa lá atá inniu ann, agus iad ar fáil i gcuid de Liosta Oidhreachta Domhanda UNESCO, ach freisin san áit draíochta sin ar an Meánmhuir, áit a dtagann an spaisteoireacht is giorra síos na mílte bliain d'aois, a thógann ceann trí stair atá ag an am céanna suaiteach, corraitheach agus glórmhar.
With as many as seven cultural phenomena- The Festivity of Saint Blaise, lace-making in Lepoglava, Hvar and Pag, the bell ringers from the Kastav region, the Hvar Procession Za Križem, (‘following the Cross’), two-part singing in the Istrian scale, in Istria and Hrvatsko Primorje, the spring procession of ‘Ljelje’ and traditional manufacture of wooden toys in the Hrvatsko zagorje region, Croatia is among the countries with the most protected intangible cultural heritage elements, recorded on the UNESCO List.
Le seacht bpéinim chultúrtha - Tá an fhéile i Saint Blaise, a rinneadh i Leplogava, Hvar agus Pag, an clog fáinne ó réigiún Kastv, an procession Za Križem Hvar, (“an Chros”), dhá chuid ag canadh i scála na hIodraí, in Istria agus Hrvatsko Primorje, an próiseas earraigh de ‘Lje’ agus na bréagáin adhmaid a mhonarú go traidisiúnta i réigiún Hrvatsko zagorje, An Chróit i measc na dtíortha a bhfuil na gnéithe oidhreachta cultúrtha doláimhsithe is cosanta, a taifeadadh ar liosta UNESCO.
The famous scientist Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), inventor of alternating current.
An t-eolaí cáiliúil Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), aireagóir as an sruth ailtéarnach.
Was born in Smiljan, Croatia, died in New York, USA.
Rugadh iSmiljan, an Chróit, fuair bás i Nua-Eabhrac, SAM.
Dog breed Dalmatian originates from these areas? In a small Franciscan monastery in Zaostrog, there is a painting from 1724 which for the first time depicts a Dalmatian dog…
Is as na limistéir seo a thagann an madra, Dalmatian I mainistir beag Franciscan i Zaostrog, tá pictiúr ann ó 1724 den chéad uair a léiríonn madra Dalmatian...
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala
In 1906, a Croat Slavoljub Eduard Penkala for the first time applied for a patent for a ballpoint (penkala) and a holder for a fountain pen.
Sa bhliain 1906, d'iarr duine a bhí ag staidéar in Inis Sionnach ar phaitinn i gcomhair gránbhiorach (peinkala) agus sealbhóir ar peann tobair.
From time immemorial, the tie has been a part of the Croatian national costume, which was preserved by the Croats to the more recent times, who moved to central Europe in the 16th century.
Ó am go chéile, bhí an comhionannas mar chuid de éadaí náisiúnta na Cróite, rud a chaomhnaigh na Crótaigh go dtí aimsir níos déanaí, a bhog go lár na hEorpa sa 16ú haois.
It was later taken over by the Croatian soldiers who were fighting in Europe, and a part of their uniform was assumed by the French in the 17th century.
Ba é saighdiúirí na Cróite a bhí ag troid san Eoraip níos déanaí, agus ghlac na Francaigh páirt dá n-éide sa 17ú haois.
Under the leadership of the French „God of Sun" Louis XIV there was a horsemen unit, the so-called Royal cravate, who wore mostly red collar ribbons.
Faoi cheannaireacht na Fraince "Dia na Gréine" Louis XIV bhí aonad horsemen, an Cruthaithe Ríoga mar a thugtar air, a chaith ribín collar dearg den chuid is mó.
The custom of wearing ribbons from the Croats dates back to this time, which was later expanded around Europe and the world, and today is inevitably the most important detail in men's fashion, and also an original Croatian souvenir.
Téann an saincheaptha ag caitheamh ribín ó na Crótaigh siar go dtí an t-am seo, a leathnú níos déanaí timpeall na hEorpa agus an domhain, agus inniu is dosheachanta na sonraí is tábhachtaí i faisin na bhfear, agus cuimhneacháin bhunaidh na Cróite freisin.
The word «kravata» (tie) originates from the word «Kroate»...
Tagann an focal «kravata» (tie) ón bhfocal «Kroate»...
The world traveler and explorer Marco Polo was born in 1254, most probably on the island of Korčula. Even today, there are people living on the island with the same last name..
Rugadh an lucht siúil agus an taiscéalaí domhanda Marco Polo i 1254, is dócha ar oileán na Korčula. Fiú sa lá atá inniu ann, tá daoine ina gcónaí ar an oileán leis an ainm deiridh céanna.
Island of Vrnik is situated in the archipelago of the Pelješac canal in front of the east coast of Korčula island, widely known for its stone-pit of quality lime-stone (marble) from which Aia Sofia (Istanbul) and the While House (Washington) were partly built as were some palaces-town halls in Dubrovnik, Stockholm, Venice, Vienna.
Tá oileán Vrnik suite in oileán oileán na Melješac os comhair chósta thoir oileán Korčula, a bhfuil cáil air go forleathan mar gheall ar a chlocha aolchloiche (marbal) as a raibh Aia Sofia ( Iostanbúl) agus an Teach Cé (Washington) tógtha go páirteach mar halla Palaces-bhaile i Dubrovnik, Stócólm, an Veinéis, Vín.
Visit to the fertile plains of Baranja where the grapes have been cultivated for centuries, is not complete if you do not taste the "golden drops" of Baranja's vineyards.
Níl cuairt ar an machairí thorthúil Baranja áit a bhfuil na fíonchaora saothraithe ar feadh na gcéadta bliain, iomlán mura bhfuil tú ag blas na "titim órga" de fíonghoirt Baranja.
According to the old manuscripts, vine was a usual drink at the royal court of Maria Teresa, and the ancient Romans, delighted with its bouquet and with the sun rises and sunsets of that region, called it the "Golden hill"...
Dar leis na lámhscríbhinní d'aois, bhí vein gnáth-ól ag cúirt ríoga Maria Teresa, agus na Rómhánaigh ársa, thar a bheith sásta lena bouquet agus leis na méaduithe ghrian agus sunsets an réigiún sin, ar a dtugtar sé an "Chnoic Órga"...
There is a Ulysses' cave on the island of Mljet. It was named after a story which says that a famous adventurer stranded on the nearby cliff Ogiron, where he met the nymph Calypso with whom he fell in love, and spent unforgettable moments in her company...
Tá uaimh Ulysses ar oileán Meljet.Bhí sé ainmnithe tar éis scéal a deir go raibh eachtraadóir cáiliúil sáinnithe ar an aill Oigron in aice láimhe, áit ar bhuail sé leis an nymph Cailpo lena thit sé i ngrá, agus chaith sé chuimhneacháin unforgettable ina chuideachta...
Red-white coat of arms
cóta dearg-bán na n-arm
Recognizable all over the world, and related only to Croats - characteristic cube-shaped red-white coat of arms which is believed to originate from the Persian original homeland of Croats (red signifies south and white signifies north).
Inaitheanta ar fud an domhain, agus ní bhaineann sé ach le Crótaigh - cóta dearg-bán tréithe de airm a chreidtear a bheith de thionscnamh na talún bunaidh Peirsis (is é sin dearg ó dheas agus dath bán ó thuaidh).
That is where the name for two Croatias derives from, i.e. White in north and Red in south.
Is é sin an áit a dtagann an t-ainm do dhá Chróit ó,.i. Bán i dtuaisceart agus Dearg sa deisceart.
When the Croats have selected Ferdinand Habsburg to be their King in Cetine in 1527, they confirmed that choice with some seals, and one of them was Croatian coat of arms, but with 64 fields, i.e. the complete chess-board.
Nuair a roghnaigh na Crótaigh bunaíodh Ferdinand Habsburg a bheith ina Rí i gCeité i 1527, dheimhnigh siad go bhfuil rogha acu le roinnt rónta, agus ba é ceann acu cóta Cróitis de airm, ach le 64 réimse,.i.e. an bord fichille iomlán.
That is where the popular term „šahovnica" derives from, and Šah (chess) in Persian means the Ruler - Tsar.
Is é sin an áit a dtagann an téarma tóir „šahovnica ó, agus Šah (sces) i Persian an Rialóir - Tsar.
Did you know that there is a world rarity in the Archeological museum in Zagreb? Of course, we are talking about the Zagreb mummy.
An raibh a fhios agat go bhfuil rarity domhan sa mhúsaem Seandálaíochta i Zagreb? Ar ndóigh, tá muid ag caint faoi na mummy Zagreb.
Nesi-hensu, the wife of Aher-hensu, „the divine tailor" from Thebes, is the name of a mummified woman who was wrapped in cut ribbons of Zagreb linen book which represents the longest preserved text in Etruscan language and the only preserved sample of linen book in the entire Ancient world.
Is é Nesi-hensu, bean chéile Aher-Hensu, „ an t-alt dhiaga’ ón mBeibeas, ainm bean chummedified a bhí fillte i ribíní gearrtha leabhar línéadach Zagreb a léiríonn an téacs leasaithe is faide i dteanga Etruscan agus an t-aon sampla leasaithe de leabhair línéadaigh ar fud an domhain.
Top seven world getaways
Barr seacht slánúcháin domhan
The American magazine "In Style" has included Croatia on its list of seven top world destinations ("Top seven world getaways"). The article authors recommend a visit to Croatia for its very rich historical-cultural heritage, natural beauties and clean sea.
Mar chuid den iris "I Stíl" tá an Chróit ar a liosta de sheacht gcinn scríbe is fearr ar domhan ("Barr seacht gcinn de gheataí an domhain"). Molann na húdair alt cuairt ar Chróit le haghaidh a oidhreachta, áilleachta nádúrtha agus farraige glan an-saibhir.
In addition to Croatia, the list of top seven places includes Kenya, South Africa, London, Greek island Santorini and three American destinations - Aspen, Napa Valley and Nantucket.
Chomh maith leis an gCróit, cuimsíonn liosta na seacht n-áiteanna is fearr an Chéinia, an Afraic Theas, Londain, Oileán na Gréige Santosini agus trí cinn scríbe Mheiriceá - Aspen, Napa Valley agus Natucket.
Every day, for over hundred and ten years, the cannon fires from the top of tower Lotrščak exactly at noon in memory of an event from Zagreb history.
Gach lá, ar feadh níos mó ná céad agus deich mbliana, dóiteáin gunna ó bharr an túr Lotrščak go díreach ag meánlae i gcuimhne ar ócáid ó stair Zagreb.
According to the legend, exactly at noon, the Grič canon fired a discharge from Lotrščak to the Turkish camp located across Sava and blew out a rooster (or a turkey) which the cook was taking to Pasha on a platter.
Dar leis an finscéal, go díreach ag meán lae, the Grič canóin fired urscaoileadh ó Lotrščak chuig an campa Tuircis atá suite ar fud Sava agus shéid amach rosy (nó turcaí) a bhí an cócaireacht a ghlacadh chun Pasha ar phláta.
After this event, the Turks scattered and did not attack Zagreb...
Tar éis na hócáide seo, scaip na Turks agus níor ionsaigh siad Zagreb...
Average life span in the wild: 12 years
Meántréimhse saoil sa fiáin: 12 bhliain
Size: 21 in (50 cm)
Méid: 21 in (50 cm)
Weight: 14.4 oz (408 g)
Meáchan: 14.4 oz (408 g)
Did you know? Chameleons don't change colors to match their surroundings. Each species displays distinct color patterns to indicate specific reactions or emotions.
An raibh a fhios agat?Chareons ná dathanna a athrú chun a dtimpeallacht a mheaitseáil.Léiríonn gach speiceas patrúin datha ar leith chun frithghníomhartha nó mothúcháin ar leith a chur in iúl.
The Meller's chameleon is the largest of the chameleons not native to Madagascar. Their stout bodies can grow to be up to two feet (two-thirds of a meter) long and weigh more than a pound (one-half kilogram).
Is é an chameleon Muller an ceann is mó de na chameleons nach dúchais a Madagascar.Is féidir lena comhlachtaí stout a bheith suas le dhá troigh (dhá thrian de mhéadar) ar fhad agus meáchan níos mó ná punt (leathch cileagram).
Meller's distinguish themselves from their universally bizarre-looking cousins with a single small horn protruding from the front of their snouts. This and their size earn them the common name "giant one-horned chameleon."
idirdhealú Merel ar iad féin as a n-coiléir unversally aisteach-lorg le adharc beag amháin protruding ó thaobh tosaigh a gcuid smuts., Seo agus a gcuid méid a thuilleamh iad an t-ainm coitianta "duine- horned chameleon."
They are fairly common in the savanna of East Africa, including Malawi, northern Mozambique, and Tanzania. Almost one-half of the world’s chameleons live on the island of Madagascar.
Tá siad coitianta go leor i savanna Oirthear na hAfraice, lena n-áirítear Mala, Northern Mósaimbíc, agus an Tansáin.Tá beagnach aon leath de chameleons an domhain ina gcónaí ar oileán na Madagascar.
As with all chameleons, Meller's will change colors in response to stress and to communicate with other chameleons. Their normal appearance is deep green with yellow stripes and random black spots.
Mar is amhlaidh le gach chameleons, beidh Michelle's athrú dathanna mar fhreagra ar strus agus chun cumarsáid a dhéanamh le eile chameleons., Is é a gcuma gnáth glas domhain le stripes buí agus spotaí dubh randamach.
Females are slightly smaller, but are otherwise indistinguishable from males.
Tá mná beagán níos lú, ach tá siad in-inúsáidte ar shlí eile ó fhir.
They subsist on insects and small birds, using their camouflage and a lightning-fast, catapulting tongue, which can be up to 20 inches (50 centimeters) long, to ambush prey.
Suíonn siad ar feithidí agus ar éin bheaga, ag baint úsáide as a duaithníocht agus as teanga lightning-tapa, catapulting, is féidir a bheith suas le 20 orlach (50 ceintiméadar) fada, a luíochán chreiche.
Exotic pet enthusiasts often attempt to keep Meller's chameleons as pets. However, they are highly susceptible to even the slightest level of stress and are very difficult to care for in captivity. In the wild, they can live as long as 12 years.
Is minic a dhéanann díograiseoirí peataí iarracht iad a choinneáil mar pheataí.Mar sin féin, tá siad an-so-ghabhálach fiú go dtí an leibhéal is lú struis agus tá siad an-deacair aire a thabhairt do mbraighdeanas. Sa fiáin, is féidir leo maireachtáil chomh fada agus 12 bliain.
Nuclear Energy in France
Fuinneamh Núicléach sa Fhrainc
Nuclear energy is the cornerstone of french energy policy. In the ‘70s France chose to develop nuclear as its base load electricity source as a response to the oil crisis and assure its energy independence.
Is é an fuinneamh núicléach bunchloch an bheartais fuinnimh ghlais. Sa ‘70s Roghnaigh an Fhrainc núicléach a fhorbairt mar bhonn foinse leictreachais ualaigh mar fhreagra ar an ngéarchéim ola agus a neamhspleáchas fuinnimh a chinntiú.
Nuclear Electricity Production: France currently counts 58 commercial nuclear reactors in operation responsible for producing 80% of French domestic electricity. As a comparison, the 104 US reactors produces 20% of US electricity.
Táirgeadh Leictreachas Núicléach: Faoi láthair déanann an Fhrainc 58 imoibriú núicléach tráchtála a chomhaireamh i bhfeidhmiú atá freagrach as 80% de leictreachas intíre na Fraince a tháirgeadh.Mar chomparáid, táirgeann frithghníomhaithe na Stát Aontaithe 20% de leictreachas na Stát Aontaithe.
Despite scarce natural resources, France has reached an energy independence of 50% thanks to its strategic choice for nuclear energy.
In ainneoin na n-acmhainní nádúrtha gann, tá neamhspleáchas fuinnimh bainte amach ag an bhFrainc de 50% a bhuíochas dá rogha straitéiseach maidir le fuinneamh núicléach.
Environment: As well as providing safe and reliable energy, nuclear helps to reduce French greenhouse gas emissions by avoiding the release of 31 billions tones of carbon dioxide (contrary to coal or gas generation) and making France the less carbon emitting country within the OECD.
Comhshaol: Chomh maith le fuinneamh shábháilte agus iontaofa a sholáthar, cabhraíonn núicléach le hastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa na Fraince a laghdú trí scaoileadh 31 bhilliún toin dé-ocsaíd charbóin (taobh le giniúint guail nó gáis) a sheachaint agus an Fhrainc a dhéanamh ar an tír is lú a thagann isteach sa ECFE.
As a leader in nuclear energy, France has developed clean technology for radioactive waste disposal.
Mar cheannaire i bhfuinneamh núicléach, d’fhorbair an Fhrainc teicneolaíocht glan chun dramhaíl radaighníomhach a dhiúscairt.
Reprocessing currently allows France to recover valuable elements from spent fuels and permit a significant reduction of high level waste and lead to safer and optimized containment, for final radioactive waste disposition.
Faoi láthair, is féidir leis an bhFrainc eilimintí luachmhara a aisghabháil ó bhreoslaí caite agus laghdú suntasach a dhéanamh ar dhramhaíl ardleibhéil agus éilliú níos sábháilte agus níos bharrfheabhsú a bheith mar thoradh air, le dramhaíl radaighníomhach deiridh a dhiúscairt.
French nuclear power plants produces only 10 g/year/inhabitant of highly radioactive waste.
Ní tháirgeann plandaí núicléacha na Fraince ach 10 g/bliain/áit chónaitheoir de dhramhaíl an-radaíoch.
International Cooperation and research: France is one of the forerunner in nuclear research and participates in numerous international cooperation programs alongside the United States such as the development of the next generation of nuclear power plants (Gen IV) and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) that will be built in Cadarache, South of France.
Comhar agus taighde Idirnáisiúnta: Tá an Fhrainc ar cheann den réamhtheachtaí i dtaighde núicléach agus páirt a ghlacadh i gcláir um chomhar idirnáisiúnta go leor mar na Stáit Aontaithe a fhorbairt ar an chéad ghlúin eile de phlandaí cumhachta núicléacha (Gen IV) agus an Imoibreoir Turclach Teirmeacha Idirnáisiúnta (ITER) a bheidh tógtha i gCéirse, i nDeisceart na Fraince.
The French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
Coimisiún Fuinnimh na Fraince (CEA)
The French Atomic Energy Commission is a public body established in October 1945 by General de Gaulle. It constitutes a power of expertise and proposition for the authorities.
Is comhlacht poiblí é Coimisiún Fuinnimh Adamhach na Fraince a bunaíodh i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1945. Is cumhacht saineolais agus togra do na húdaráis é.
A leader in research, development and innovation, the CEA is involved in three main fields:
Tá ceannaire i dtaighde, i bhforbairt agus i nuálaíocht, agus tá baint ag CIE le trí phríomhréimse:
It develops and acquires the technological building blocks necessary to the development of the nuclear reactors of the future (Contribution to Generation IV and GNEP research),
Forbraíonn agus fhaigheann sé na bloic thógála theicneolaíocha is gá chun imoibrithe núicléacha na todhchaí a fhorbairt (ranníocaíocht le taighde Glúin IV agus GENEP),
It contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emission with its research on hydrogen, fuel cells, biomass, energy storage…,
Cuireann sé le hastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa a laghdú lena chuid taighde ar hidrigin, cealla breosla, bithmhaise, stóráil fuinnimh...,
It supports the nuclear utilities in France by optimizing the nuclear power plants of the French nuclear fleet and by optimizing the fuel cycle,
Tacaíonn sé leis na fóntais núicléach sa Fhrainc trí leas a bhaint as na plandaí cumhacht núicléach cabhlaigh na Fraince agus tríd an timthriall breosla a bharrfheabhsú,
It offers safe and economically viable technical solutions for managing nuclear waste,
Cuireann sé réitigh theicniúla atá sábháilte agus inmharthana go heacnamaíoch ar fáil chun dramhaíl núicléach a bhainistiú,
It conducts fundamental research in climate and environmental sciences, high energy physics, astrophysics, fusion, nanosciences…
Déanann sé taighde bunúsach ar eolaíocht aeráide agus chomhshaoil, fisic ardfhuinnimh, antraipeolaíochta, comhleá, nanai...
Information and Health technologies:
Teicneolaíochtaí Faisnéise agus Sláinte:
It tackles micro and nano-technologies for telecommunication and nuclear medicine for radiotherapy and medical imaging,
Téann sé i ngleic le micrea agus le teicneolaíochtaí nana le haghaidh leigheas teileachumarsáide agus núicléach le haghaidh raiditeiripe agus íomhá leighis,
It researches programs on biotechnology, molecular labelling, biomolecular engineering and structural biology,
Déanann sé taighde ar chláir maidir leis an mbitheolaíocht, an lipéadú mhóilíneach, leis an innealtóireacht bhithmhóilíneach agus leis an mbitheolaíocht struchtúrach,
It shares its knowledge and know-how through education and training through the National Institute for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (INSTN),
Roinneann sé a chuid eolais agus fios gnó trí oideachas agus oiliúint tríd an Institiúid Náisiúnta um Eolaíochtaí agus Teicneolaíochtaí Núicléach (INST),
It manages over 300 priority patents and is active in the creation of clusters.
Bainistíonn sé níos mó ná 300 paitinní tosaíochta agus tá sé gníomhach i gcruthú na braislí.
Defense and National Security:
Cosaint agus Slándáil Náisiúnta:
It conceives, builds, maintains then dismantles the nuclear warhead of the French deterrence force,
Cuireann sé ina luí, tógann sé, coimeádann sé dí-aspeagadh ansin ar chruatan núicléach fhórsa dícheangail na Fraince,
It helps to fight against nuclear, biological and chemical weapons (NRBC program).
Cuidíonn sé le dul i ngleic le hairm núicléacha, bitheolaíocha agus ceimiceacha (an clár NBC).
The missions of the CEA are similar to the Department of Energy in the United States. The CEA has a network of counselor or representatives in French Embassies around the world (see joint map).
Is iad misin an CEA cosúil leis an Roinn Fuinnimh sna Stáit Aontaithe.Tá líonra comhairleoirí nó ionadaithe ag an CCE in Ambasáidí na Fraince ar fud an domhain (féach léarscáil chomhpháirteach).
The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN)
Údarás Sábháilteachta Núicléach na Fraince (ASN)
Created in 2006, from the former DSIN (Directorate for the Safety of Nuclear Facilities), the French Nuclear Safety Authority is an independent administrative authority which is tasked with regulating nuclear safety and radiation protection in order to protect workers, patients, the public and the environment from the risks involved in nuclear activities.
Is údarás riaracháin neamhspleách é Údarás Sábháilteachta Núicléach na Fraince a bhfuil sé de chúram air sábháilteacht núicléach agus cosaint radaíochta a rialáil chun oibrithe, othair, an pobal agus an comhshaol a chosaint ó na rioscaí a bhaineann le gníomhaíochtaí núicléacha.
It also contributes to informing the public. Like the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the United States, it carries out inspections and may pronounce sanctions, up to and including suspension of operation of an installation.
Cuidíonn sé freisin leis an bpobal a chur ar an eolas. Cosúil leis an gCoimisiún Rialála Núicléach sna Stáit Aontaithe, déanann sé cigireachtaí agus féadfaidh sé smachtbhannaí a fhógairt, suas le suiteáil a chur ar fionraí agus lena n-áirítear é a chur ar fionraí.
French Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN)
Institiúid na Fraince um Thrádáil Idirnáisiúnta agus Sábháilteacht Núicléach (IRSN)
Created in 2001 by merging the Protection and Nuclear Safety Institute (IPSN) and the Ionizing radiations Protection Office (OPRI), the Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety is a public establishment of an industrial and commercial nature placed under the joint authority of the Ministries of the Environment, Health, Industry, Research and Defense.
Cruthaíodh an Institiúid um Chosaint agus Sábháilteacht Núicléach sa bhliain 2001 trí an Institiúid um Chosaint agus um Shábháilteacht Núicléiche (IPSN) agus an Oifig um Chosaint Radaíochta (OPRI), is bunú poiblí é an Institiúid um Chosaint agus Sábháilteacht Núicléach de chineál tionsclaíoch agus tráchtála a cuireadh faoi údarás comhpháirteach Aireacht an Chomhshaoil, Sláinte, Tionscail, Taighde agus Cosanta.
It is the expert in safety research and specialized assessments into nuclear and radiological risk serving public authorities whose work is complementary to the ASN.
Is í an saineolaí i dtaighde sábháilteachta agus i measúnuithe speisialaithe i riosca núicléach agus raideolaíoch a fhreastalaíonn ar údaráis phoiblí a bhfuil a gcuid oibre comhlántach leis an ASN.
Its scope of activities includes:
Áirítear ar a raon feidhme gníomhaíochtaí:
environment and response, human radiological protection, research on the prevention of major accidents, power reactor safety, fuel cycle facility safety, research installation safety, waste management safety; nuclear defense expertise.
timpeallacht agus freagairt, cosaint raideolaíoch an duine, taighde ar chosc timpistí móra, sábháilteacht imoibreoir cumhachta, sábháilteacht saoráid rothaíochta breosla, sábháilteacht suiteála taighde, sábháilteacht bainistíochta dramhaíola; saineolas cosanta núicléach.
National radioactive Waste Management Agency (ANDRA)
An Ghníomhaireacht Náisiúnta um Bainistiú Dramhaíola raidighníomhach (ANDA)
Created in 1991, the French National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management is a public industrial and commercial organization that operates independently of waste producers.
Is eagraíocht thionsclaíoch agus tráchtála phoiblí í Gníomhaireacht Náisiúnta na Fraince um Bainistiú Dramhaíola Traidisiúnta a oibríonn go neamhspleách ar tháirgeoirí dramhaíola.
It is responsible for the long-term management of radioactive waste produced in France under the supervision of the French Ministries for Energy, Research and the Environment.
Tá sé freagrach as bainistiú fadtéarmach dramhaíola radaighníomhach a tháirgtear sa Fhrainc faoi mhaoirseacht Aireacht Fuinnimh, Taighde agus Comhshaoil na Fraince.
It can be compared to a certain extent to the Office for Nuclear Waste of the Department of Energy in the United States.
Is féidir é a chur i gcomparáid go pointe áirithe leis an Oifig um Fuíolluisce Núicléach na Roinne Fuinnimh sna Stáit Aontaithe.
Andra also pursues industrial, research, and information activities as it designs and implements disposal solutions suited to each category of radioactive waste:
Ina theannta sin, leanann Andrea gníomhaíochtaí tionsclaíocha, taighde agus faisnéise de réir mar a dhearann sé agus cuireann sé réitigh diúscartha i bhfeidhm a oireann do gach catagóir dramhaíola radaighníomhacha:
the collection, conditioning, disposal of radioactive waste from small producers (hospitals, research centers, industry), specification of waste packages for disposal, disposal in suited sites, monitoring of closed disposal facilities, research programs for long-lived and high level activity waste, especially through the operation of an underground research laboratory in a deep clay formation…
bailiú, riochtú, diúscairt dramhaíola radaighníomhacha ó tháirgeoirí beaga (ospidéil, ionaid taighde, tionscal), sonraíocht pacáistí dramhaíola lena diúscairt, a dhiúscairt i suíomhanna oiriúnacha, monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar shaoráidí diúscartha dúnta, cláir taighde maidir le dramhaíl a bhaineann le saolré fada agus ardleibhéal gníomhaíochta, go háirithe trí shaotharlann taighde faoi thalamh a oibriú i bhfoirmiú cré domhain...
General Directorate for Energy and Climate (DGEC)
Ard-Stiúrthóireacht an Fhuinnimh agus an Aeráid (DGEC)
The General Directorate for Energy and Climate represents the government and is part of the Office of the Department for Ecology and Sustainable Development. It defines the French nuclear policy.
Is ionann an Ard-Stiúrthóireacht um Fhuinneamh agus an Aeráid agus an rialtas agus cuid d’Oifig na Roinne Éiceolaíochta agus Forbartha Inbhuanaithe.
The DGEC takes care of the energy supply, the security of supply, oil refining and logistics, nuclear industry, and coal and mines.
Tugann an Coimisiún aire don soláthar fuinnimh, do shlándáil an tsoláthair, do shainmhíniú ola agus do lóistíocht, tionscal núicléach, agus do ghual agus mianaigh.
Consequently, its activities include:
Dá bhrí sin, tá na nithe seo a leanas i measc a ghníomhaíochtaí:
the design and implement energy and raw material supply policy, to ensure opening of electricity and gas markets, track key energy and raw material sectors, to oversee enterprises and public institutions in energy sector, to ensure compliance with rules and regulations governing energy sector, to participate in European and international energy projects and working groups, to provide economic, environmental, and fiscal expertise on energy matters.
beartas soláthair fuinnimh agus amhábhar a dhearadh agus a chur chun feidhme, chun oscailt earnálacha leictreachais agus gáis a áirithiú, chun treoir a thabhairt d’fhiontair agus d’institiúidí poiblí san earnáil fuinnimh, chun comhlíonadh rialacha agus rialacháin a áirithiú maidir le tionscadail fuinnimh Eorpacha agus idirnáisiúnta, chun saineolas eacnamaíoch, comhshaoil agus fioscach a sholáthar ar ábhair fuinnimh.
The Rise of Nuclear Power Generation in France.
Rise na glúine Cumhacht Núicléach sa Fhrainc.
White-throated Magpie-Jays (Calocitta formosa) are beautiful big jays that travel the North Pacific slopes in small flocks. Their songs and calls are quite varied - this is one of the typical calls, recorded on the road to Monteverde (Costa Rica).
Is éard atá i gceist le Magpie-Jaes (Calocita Formolas) ná drámaí móra áille a thaistealaíonn ar fhánaí an Aigéin Chiúin Thuaidh i dtréada beaga.Tá a gcuid amhrán agus glaonna éagsúil go leor - tá sé seo ar cheann de na glaonna tipiciúla, taifeadta ar an mbóthar go dtí Montverde (Costa Rica).
Douglas Von Gausig (recordist; copyright holder), Naturesongs.com
Douglas Von Guasig (creidteoir; sealbhóir cóipchirt), Naturegs.com
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
Tá an obair seo ceadúnaithe faoi Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Disclaimer: The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe.
Séanadh: Is acmhainn oideachais é an Gréasán um Éagsúlacht Ainmhithe a scríobh scoláirí agus do mhic léinn coláiste den chuid is mó.Ní chlúdaíonn ADW gach speiceas ar domhan, ná cuimsíonn sé an fhaisnéis eolaíochta is déanaí faoi orgánaigh a chuireann muid síos orthu.
Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts.
Cé go n-athraímid ár gcuntais le haghaidh cruinnis, ní féidir linn gach faisnéis a ráthú sna cuntais sin.
While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control.
Cé go gcuireann foireann ADW tagairtí ar fáil do leabhair agus do láithreáin ghréasáin a chreidimid go bhfuil siad creidiúnach, ní mór dúinn ábhar na dtagairtí a fhormhuiniú lasmuigh dár rialú.