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Session 40 - The Interstellar Medium.
Sesija 40 - Međuzvezdani medij.
Display session, Tuesday, June 09
- Prikaz sesije, utorak, lipanj 09
Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) explosions can make kpc-size shells and holes in the interstellar media (ISM) of spiral galaxies if much of the energy heats the local gas to above 10^7 K. Disk blowout is probably the major cause for energy loss in this case, but the momentum acquired during the pressurized expansion phase can be large enough that the bubble still snowplows to a kpc diameter.
- Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) eksplozije mogu napraviti kpc-veličine granate i rupe u međuzvjezdanom mediju (ISM) spiralnih galaksija ako veliki dio energije zagrijava lokalni plin na više od 10^7 K. Eksplozija diska je vjerojatno glavni uzrok gubitka energije u ovom slučaju, ali zamah stečen tijekom faze ekspanzije pod pritiskom može biti dovoljno velik da mjehurić još uvijek snowplows do kpc promjera.
This differs from the standard model for the origin of such shells by multiple supernovae, which may have problems with radiative cooling, evaporative losses, and disk blow-out. Evidence for giant shells with energies of \sim10^53 ergs are summarized.
To se razlikuje od standardnog modela za nastanak takvih školjki po višestrukim supernovama, koje mogu imati problema sa radijativnim hlađenjem, evaporativnim gubicima, i disc-out. Dokazi za divovske ljuske s energijama μsim10^53 ergs su sažeti.
Some contain no obvious central star clusters and may be GRB remnants, although sufficiently old clusters would be hard to detect. The expected frequency of GRBs in normal galaxies can account for the number of such shells.
Neki ne sadrže očite središnje zvjezdane skupine i mogu biti ostaci GRB-a, iako bi dovoljno stare skupine bilo teško otkriti. Očekivana učestalost GRB-ova u normalnim galaksijama može biti odgovorna za broj takvih ljusaka.
Program listing for Tuesday
Programski popis za utorak
A land whose rich cultural heritage is discovered not only from within the walls of numerous museums, galleries and churches, many of which today, as zero category monuments are included in a part of the UNESCO World Heritage List, but also in that magical place on the Mediterranean, where even the shortest stroll becomes a journey down a staircase thousands of years old, which takes one through a history that is at the same time turbulent, exciting and glorious.
- Zemljište čije je bogato kulturno naslijeđe otkriveno ne samo unutar zidina brojnih muzeja, galerija i crkava, od kojih su mnogi danas, jer su spomenici nulte kategorije uključeni u dio UNESCO-vog popisa svjetske baštine, nego i na tom čarobnom mjestu na Mediteranu, gdje čak i najkraća šetnja postaje putovanje niz stubište staro tisućama godina, koje traje kroz povijest koja je istovremeno turbulentna, uzbudljiva i slavna.
With as many as seven cultural phenomena- The Festivity of Saint Blaise, lace-making in Lepoglava, Hvar and Pag, the bell ringers from the Kastav region, the Hvar Procession Za Križem, (‘following the Cross’), two-part singing in the Istrian scale, in Istria and Hrvatsko Primorje, the spring procession of ‘Ljelje’ and traditional manufacture of wooden toys in the Hrvatsko zagorje region, Croatia is among the countries with the most protected intangible cultural heritage elements, recorded on the UNESCO List.
- Uz čak sedam kulturnih fenomena- Festivity of Saint Blaise, čipkarstvo u Lepoglavi, Hvaru i Pagu, zvonarice iz Kastavskog kraja, hvarske procesije Za Križem, („prateći križ\"), dvodijelno pjevanje na istarskoj ljestvici, u Istri i Hrvatskom Primorju, proljetna povorka ‘Ljelje' i tradicionalna proizvodnja drvenih igračaka u Hrvatskom zagorskom kraju, Hrvatska je među zemljama sa najzaštićenijim elementima kulturne baštine, zabilježena na UNESCO-vom listu.
The famous scientist Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), inventor of alternating current.
- Poznati znanstvenik Nikola Tesla (1856.-1943.), izumitelj izmjenične struje.
Was born in Smiljan, Croatia, died in New York, USA.
Rođen u Smiljanu, Hrvatska, umro u New Yorku, SAD.
Dog breed Dalmatian originates from these areas? In a small Franciscan monastery in Zaostrog, there is a painting from 1724 which for the first time depicts a Dalmatian dog…
U malom franjevačkom samostanu u Zaostrogu, nalazi se slika iz 1724. godine koja prvi put prikazuje dalmatinskog psa...
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala
In 1906, a Croat Slavoljub Eduard Penkala for the first time applied for a patent for a ballpoint (penkala) and a holder for a fountain pen.
1906. godine, hrvatski Slavoljub Eduard Penkala prvi put se prijavio za patent za lopticu (penkala) i držač za nalivpero.
From time immemorial, the tie has been a part of the Croatian national costume, which was preserved by the Croats to the more recent times, who moved to central Europe in the 16th century.
- Od pamtivijeka kravata je dio hrvatske narodne nošnje, koju su Hrvati sačuvali do novijih vremena, koji su se u 16. stoljeću doselili u središnju Europu.
It was later taken over by the Croatian soldiers who were fighting in Europe, and a part of their uniform was assumed by the French in the 17th century.
Kasnije su ga preuzeli hrvatski vojnici koji su se borili u Evropi, a dio njihove uniforme preuzeli su Francuzi u 17. stoljeću.
Under the leadership of the French „God of Sun" Louis XIV there was a horsemen unit, the so-called Royal cravate, who wore mostly red collar ribbons.
Pod vodstvom Francuza - Boga Sunca - Luja XIV. postojala je jedinica konjanika, tzv. Kraljevska kravata, koja je nosila uglavnom crvene ovratničke vrpce.
The custom of wearing ribbons from the Croats dates back to this time, which was later expanded around Europe and the world, and today is inevitably the most important detail in men's fashion, and also an original Croatian souvenir.
Običaj nošenja vrpci Hrvata datira iz ovog vremena, koje je kasnije prošireno po Europi i svijetu, a danas je neminovno najvažniji detalj u muškoj modi, a ujedno i izvorni hrvatski suvenir.
The word «kravata» (tie) originates from the word «Kroate»...
Riječ \"kravata\" (tie) potječe od riječi \"Kroate\"...
The world traveler and explorer Marco Polo was born in 1254, most probably on the island of Korčula. Even today, there are people living on the island with the same last name..
Svjetski putnik i istraživač Marco Polo rođen je 1254. godine, najvjerojatnije na otoku Korčuli.
Island of Vrnik is situated in the archipelago of the Pelješac canal in front of the east coast of Korčula island, widely known for its stone-pit of quality lime-stone (marble) from which Aia Sofia (Istanbul) and the While House (Washington) were partly built as were some palaces-town halls in Dubrovnik, Stockholm, Venice, Vienna.
Otok Vrnik nalazi se u arhipelagu Pelješki kanal ispred istočne obale otoka Korčule, nadaleko poznat po kamenom jatu kvalitetnog vapna (marble) iz kojeg su Aia Sofija (Istanbul) i Kuća (Washington) dijelom izgrađene kao neke palače-gradske dvorane u Dubrovniku, Stockholmu, Veneciji, Beču.
Visit to the fertile plains of Baranja where the grapes have been cultivated for centuries, is not complete if you do not taste the "golden drops" of Baranja's vineyards.
Posjet plodnim ravnicama Baranje gdje se grožđe uzgaja stoljećima, nije potpuna ako ne kušate zlatne kapi Baranjskih vinograda.
According to the old manuscripts, vine was a usual drink at the royal court of Maria Teresa, and the ancient Romans, delighted with its bouquet and with the sun rises and sunsets of that region, called it the "Golden hill"...
Prema starim rukopisima, vinova loza je bila uobičajeno piće na kraljevskom dvoru Marije Terezije, a stari Rimljani, oduševljeni svojim buketom i sa suncem izlazi i zalasci sunca tog kraja, nazvali su ga Zlatnim brdom.
There is a Ulysses' cave on the island of Mljet. It was named after a story which says that a famous adventurer stranded on the nearby cliff Ogiron, where he met the nymph Calypso with whom he fell in love, and spent unforgettable moments in her company...
Na otoku Mljetu postoji Ulyssesova špilja, nazvana je po priči koja kaže da se poznata avanturistica nasukala na obližnjoj litici Ogiron, gdje je upoznala nimfu Calypso s kojom se zaljubio, i provela nezaboravne trenutke u njenom društvu...
Red-white coat of arms
- Crveno-bijeli grb
Recognizable all over the world, and related only to Croats - characteristic cube-shaped red-white coat of arms which is believed to originate from the Persian original homeland of Croats (red signifies south and white signifies north).
- Prepoznatljiv po cijelom svijetu, a vezan samo za Hrvate - karakteristični crveno-bijeli grb u obliku kocke za koji se vjeruje da potječe iz perzijske izvorne domovine Hrvata (crveni označava jug, a bijeli sjever).
That is where the name for two Croatias derives from, i.e. White in north and Red in south.
Odatle potječe naziv za dvije Hrvatske, odnosno Bijelu na sjeveru, a Crvenu na jugu.
When the Croats have selected Ferdinand Habsburg to be their King in Cetine in 1527, they confirmed that choice with some seals, and one of them was Croatian coat of arms, but with 64 fields, i.e. the complete chess-board.
- Kada su Hrvati 1527. izabrali Ferdinanda Habsburškog za svog kralja u Cetini, potvrdili su taj izbor nekim pečatima, a jedan od njih bio je hrvatski grb, ali sa 64 polja, odnosno kompletnu šahovsku ploču.
That is where the popular term „šahovnica" derives from, and Šah (chess) in Persian means the Ruler - Tsar.
Odatle potječe popularni pojam šahovnica, a Šah (česma) na perzijskom znači Vladar - car.
Did you know that there is a world rarity in the Archeological museum in Zagreb? Of course, we are talking about the Zagreb mummy.
Jeste li znali da postoji svjetska rijetkost u Arheološkom muzeju u Zagrebu?
Nesi-hensu, the wife of Aher-hensu, „the divine tailor" from Thebes, is the name of a mummified woman who was wrapped in cut ribbons of Zagreb linen book which represents the longest preserved text in Etruscan language and the only preserved sample of linen book in the entire Ancient world.
Nesi-hensu, supruga Aher-hensua, božanskog krojača iz Tebe, ime je mumificirane žene koja je bila umotana u rezane vrpce zagrebačke lanene knjige koja predstavlja najduži sačuvani tekst na etrurskom jeziku i jedini sačuvani uzorak lanene knjige u cijelom Drevnom svijetu.
Top seven world getaways
\"Najvećih sedam svjetskih izleta\"
The American magazine "In Style" has included Croatia on its list of seven top world destinations ("Top seven world getaways"). The article authors recommend a visit to Croatia for its very rich historical-cultural heritage, natural beauties and clean sea.
Američki časopis \"In Style\" uvrstio je Hrvatsku na svoju listu sedam najboljih svjetskih odredišta \"Top sedam svjetskih izleta\". Autori članka preporučuju posjet Hrvatskoj za vrlo bogatu povijesno-kulturnu baštinu, prirodne ljepote i čisto more.
In addition to Croatia, the list of top seven places includes Kenya, South Africa, London, Greek island Santorini and three American destinations - Aspen, Napa Valley and Nantucket.
- Pored Hrvatske, popis prvih sedam mjesta uključuje Keniju, Južnu Afriku, London, grčki otok Santorini i tri američka odredišta - Aspen, Napa Valley i Nantucket.
Every day, for over hundred and ten years, the cannon fires from the top of tower Lotrščak exactly at noon in memory of an event from Zagreb history.
- Svaki dan, više od sto deset godina, top ispaljuje sa vrha kule Lotrščak tačno u podne u znak sjećanja na događaj iz zagrebačke povijesti.
According to the legend, exactly at noon, the Grič canon fired a discharge from Lotrščak to the Turkish camp located across Sava and blew out a rooster (or a turkey) which the cook was taking to Pasha on a platter.
Prema legendi, točno u podne, kanon Grič ispalio je otpust iz Lotrščaka u turski logor smješten preko Save i oduvao pijetla (ili puricu) kojeg je kuhar vodio paši na pladnju.
After this event, the Turks scattered and did not attack Zagreb...
Nakon ovog događaja, Turci su se raspršili i nisu napali Zagreb...
Average life span in the wild: 12 years
Prosječan životni vijek u divljini: 12 godina
Size: 21 in (50 cm)
- Veličina: 21 u (50 cm)
Weight: 14.4 oz (408 g)
Težina: 14,4 oz (408 g)
Did you know? Chameleons don't change colors to match their surroundings. Each species displays distinct color patterns to indicate specific reactions or emotions.
Kameleoni ne mijenjaju boje kako bi odgovarali svojoj okolini, svaka vrsta pokazuje različite obrasce boja koje ukazuju na specifične reakcije ili emocije.
The Meller's chameleon is the largest of the chameleons not native to Madagascar. Their stout bodies can grow to be up to two feet (two-thirds of a meter) long and weigh more than a pound (one-half kilogram).
Mellerov kameleon je najveći kameleon koji nije porijeklom s Madagaskara. Njihova čvrsta tijela mogu narasti do dvije stope (dvije trećine metra) dužine i težiti više od jedne funte (pol kilogram).
Meller's distinguish themselves from their universally bizarre-looking cousins with a single small horn protruding from the front of their snouts. This and their size earn them the common name "giant one-horned chameleon."
Mellerovi se razlikuju od njihovih univerzalno bizarnih rođaka sa jednim malim rogom koji im izbija s prednje strane njuške.
They are fairly common in the savanna of East Africa, including Malawi, northern Mozambique, and Tanzania. Almost one-half of the world’s chameleons live on the island of Madagascar.
Poprilično su česti u savani istočne Afrike, uključujući Malavi, sjeverni Mozambik i Tanzaniju. gotovo pola svjetskih kameleona živi na otoku Madagaskar.
As with all chameleons, Meller's will change colors in response to stress and to communicate with other chameleons. Their normal appearance is deep green with yellow stripes and random black spots.
Meller će promijeniti boje u odgovoru na stres i komunicirati s drugim kameleonima.Njihova normalna pojava je duboko zelena sa žutim prugama i slučajnim crnim mrljama.
Females are slightly smaller, but are otherwise indistinguishable from males.
- Ženke su nešto manje, ali se inače ne razlikuju od mužjaka.
They subsist on insects and small birds, using their camouflage and a lightning-fast, catapulting tongue, which can be up to 20 inches (50 centimeters) long, to ambush prey.
- Oni žive na insektima i malim pticama, koristeći svoju kamuflažu i munjevit, katapultirajući jezik, koji može biti dug do 20 inča (50 centimetara), za zasjedu plijena.
Exotic pet enthusiasts often attempt to keep Meller's chameleons as pets. However, they are highly susceptible to even the slightest level of stress and are very difficult to care for in captivity. In the wild, they can live as long as 12 years.
Egzotični ljubitelji kućnih ljubimaca često pokušavaju Mellerove kameleone zadržati kao kućne ljubimce, ali su vrlo osjetljivi na i najmanji nivo stresa i za njih je vrlo teško brinuti u zatočeništvu.
Nuclear Energy in France
- Nuklearna energija u Francuskoj
Nuclear energy is the cornerstone of french energy policy. In the ‘70s France chose to develop nuclear as its base load electricity source as a response to the oil crisis and assure its energy independence.
- Nuklearna energija je kamen temeljac francuske energetske politike. '70-ih Francuska je odlučila razviti nuklearnu energiju kao svoj izvor električne energije kao odgovor na naftnu krizu i osigurati joj energetsku neovisnost.
Nuclear Electricity Production: France currently counts 58 commercial nuclear reactors in operation responsible for producing 80% of French domestic electricity. As a comparison, the 104 US reactors produces 20% of US electricity.
Proizvodnja nuklearne struje: Francuska trenutno broji 58 komercijalnih nuklearnih reaktora u radu odgovornih za proizvodnju 80% domaće električne energije Francuske. 104 američka reaktora proizvode 20% električne energije SAD.
Despite scarce natural resources, France has reached an energy independence of 50% thanks to its strategic choice for nuclear energy.
- Unatoč oskudnim prirodnim resursima, Francuska je dostigla energetsku neovisnost od 50% zahvaljujući strateškom izboru za nuklearnu energiju.
Environment: As well as providing safe and reliable energy, nuclear helps to reduce French greenhouse gas emissions by avoiding the release of 31 billions tones of carbon dioxide (contrary to coal or gas generation) and making France the less carbon emitting country within the OECD.
Okoliš: Kao i pružanje sigurne i pouzdane energije, nuklearna pomoć u smanjenju emisije francuskog stakleničkog plina izbjegavanjem ispuštanja 31 milijarde tona ugljikovog dioksida (kontrarija ugljenu ili proizvodnji plina) i čineći Francusku manje emitirajućim zemljom ugljika unutar OECD-a.
As a leader in nuclear energy, France has developed clean technology for radioactive waste disposal.
\"Kao lider u nuklearnoj energiji, Francuska je razvila čistu tehnologiju za odlaganje radioaktivnog otpada.
Reprocessing currently allows France to recover valuable elements from spent fuels and permit a significant reduction of high level waste and lead to safer and optimized containment, for final radioactive waste disposition.
- Reprocesiranje trenutno dozvoljava Francuskoj da povrati vrijedne elemente iz potrošenih goriva i dozvoli značajno smanjenje otpada na visokoj razini i dovede do sigurnijeg i optimiziranog zadržavanja, za konačnu dispoziciju radioaktivnog otpada.
French nuclear power plants produces only 10 g/year/inhabitant of highly radioactive waste.
- Francuske nuklearne elektrane proizvode samo 10 g/godina/naselje visoko radioaktivnog otpada.
International Cooperation and research: France is one of the forerunner in nuclear research and participates in numerous international cooperation programs alongside the United States such as the development of the next generation of nuclear power plants (Gen IV) and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) that will be built in Cadarache, South of France.
Međunarodna suradnja i istraživanje: Francuska je jedna od preteča nuklearnih istraživanja i sudjeluje u brojnim programima međunarodne suradnje uz Sjedinjene Države kao što su razvoj sljedeće generacije nuklearnih elektrana (Gen IV) i Međunarodnog termonuklearnog eksperimentalnog reaktora (ITER) koji će biti izgrađen u Cadaracheu, južno od Francuske.
The French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
- Francuska komisija za atomsku energiju (CEA)
The French Atomic Energy Commission is a public body established in October 1945 by General de Gaulle. It constitutes a power of expertise and proposition for the authorities.
Francuska komisija za atomsku energiju javno je tijelo osnovano u listopadu 1945. od strane generala de Gaullea.
A leader in research, development and innovation, the CEA is involved in three main fields:
- Vođa u istraživanju, razvoju i inovacijama, CEA je uključena u tri glavna područja:
It develops and acquires the technological building blocks necessary to the development of the nuclear reactors of the future (Contribution to Generation IV and GNEP research),
- Razvija i stiče tehnološke građevinske blokove neophodne za razvoj nuklearnih reaktora budućnosti (Doprinos Generaciji IV i GNEP istraživanjima),
It contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emission with its research on hydrogen, fuel cells, biomass, energy storage…,
doprinosi smanjenju emisija stakleničkih plinova svojim istraživanjima na vodiku, gorivnim ćelijama, biomasi, pohrani energije...,
It supports the nuclear utilities in France by optimizing the nuclear power plants of the French nuclear fleet and by optimizing the fuel cycle,
Podupire nuklearne komunalije u Francuskoj optimizacijom nuklearnih elektrana francuske nuklearne flote i optimizacijom ciklusa goriva,
It offers safe and economically viable technical solutions for managing nuclear waste,
On nudi sigurna i ekonomski održiva tehnička rješenja za upravljanje nuklearnim otpadom,
It conducts fundamental research in climate and environmental sciences, high energy physics, astrophysics, fusion, nanosciences…
Provodi temeljna istraživanja u klimatskim i ekološkim znanostima, fizici visoke energije, astrofizici, fuziji, nanoznanostima...
Information and Health technologies:
- Informacijske i zdravstvene tehnologije:
It tackles micro and nano-technologies for telecommunication and nuclear medicine for radiotherapy and medical imaging,
Bavi se mikrotehnikom i nanotehnologijom za telekomunikacije i nuklearnu medicinu za radioterapiju i medicinsko snimanje,
It researches programs on biotechnology, molecular labelling, biomolecular engineering and structural biology,
\"Istraživa programe o biotehnologiji, molekularnom označivanju, biomolekularnom inženjerstvu i strukturnoj biologiji,
It shares its knowledge and know-how through education and training through the National Institute for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (INSTN),
- Dijeli svoje znanje i znanje kroz obrazovanje i obuku preko Nacionalnog instituta za nuklearne znanosti i tehnologiju (INSTN),
It manages over 300 priority patents and is active in the creation of clusters.
- Ona upravlja preko 300 prioritetnih patenata i aktivna je u stvaranju klastera.
Defense and National Security:
Odbrana i nacionalna sigurnost:
It conceives, builds, maintains then dismantles the nuclear warhead of the French deterrence force,
Začeo je, gradio, održavao i demontirao nuklearnu bojevu glavu francuske snage odvraćanja.
It helps to fight against nuclear, biological and chemical weapons (NRBC program).
Pomaže u borbi protiv nuklearnog, biološkog i kemijskog oružja (NRBC program).
The missions of the CEA are similar to the Department of Energy in the United States. The CEA has a network of counselor or representatives in French Embassies around the world (see joint map).
CEA ima mrežu savjetnika ili predstavnika u francuskim veleposlanstvima diljem svijeta (vidi zajedničku kartu).
The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN)
- Francuska agencija za nuklearnu sigurnost (ASN)
Created in 2006, from the former DSIN (Directorate for the Safety of Nuclear Facilities), the French Nuclear Safety Authority is an independent administrative authority which is tasked with regulating nuclear safety and radiation protection in order to protect workers, patients, the public and the environment from the risks involved in nuclear activities.
Nastao 2006. godine, od bivšeg DSIN-a (Direktorat za sigurnost nuklearnih objekata), Francuska agencija za nuklearnu sigurnost je nezavisno administrativno tijelo koje ima zadatak regulirati nuklearnu sigurnost i zaštitu od zračenja kako bi zaštitilo radnike, pacijente, javnost i okoliš od rizika uključenih u nuklearne aktivnosti.
It also contributes to informing the public. Like the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the United States, it carries out inspections and may pronounce sanctions, up to and including suspension of operation of an installation.
Kao i Nuklearna Regulatorna komisija u Sjedinjenim Državama, vrši inspekcije i može izricati sankcije, do i uključujući obustavu rada instalacije.
French Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN)
- Francuski institut za radiozaštitu i nuklearnu sigurnost (IRSN)
Created in 2001 by merging the Protection and Nuclear Safety Institute (IPSN) and the Ionizing radiations Protection Office (OPRI), the Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety is a public establishment of an industrial and commercial nature placed under the joint authority of the Ministries of the Environment, Health, Industry, Research and Defense.
- Nastao 2001. spajanjem Zavoda za zaštitu i nuklearnu sigurnost (IPSN) i Ureda za zaštitu od radijacije (OPRI), Zavoda za radiozaštitu i nuklearnu sigurnost je javno osnivanje industrijske i komercijalne prirode stavljene pod zajedničku vlast ministarstava okoliša, zdravstva, industrije, istraživanja i obrane.
It is the expert in safety research and specialized assessments into nuclear and radiological risk serving public authorities whose work is complementary to the ASN.
- To je stručnjak za sigurnosna istraživanja i specijalizirane procjene nuklearnog i radiološkog rizika koji služi javnim vlastima čiji je rad komplementaran ASN-u.
Its scope of activities includes:
\"Njezin opseg aktivnosti uključuje:
environment and response, human radiological protection, research on the prevention of major accidents, power reactor safety, fuel cycle facility safety, research installation safety, waste management safety; nuclear defense expertise.
- okoliš i odgovor, ljudska radiološka zaštita, istraživanje o sprečavanju velikih nesreća, sigurnost reaktora, sigurnost pogona u gorivnom ciklusu, sigurnost ugradnje u istraživanje, sigurnost upravljanja otpadom; stručnost za nuklearnu obranu.
National radioactive Waste Management Agency (ANDRA)
- Nacionalna agencija za upravljanje radioaktivnim otpadom (ANDRA)
Created in 1991, the French National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management is a public industrial and commercial organization that operates independently of waste producers.
- Nastala 1991. godine, Francuska nacionalna agencija za radioaktivno gospodarenje otpadom je javna industrijska i komercijalna organizacija koja posluje nezavisno od proizvođača otpada.
It is responsible for the long-term management of radioactive waste produced in France under the supervision of the French Ministries for Energy, Research and the Environment.
Zaslužan je za dugoročno upravljanje radioaktivnim otpadom proizvedenim u Francuskoj pod nadzorom francuskih ministarstava za energetiku, istraživanje i okoliš.
It can be compared to a certain extent to the Office for Nuclear Waste of the Department of Energy in the United States.
Može se u određenoj mjeri usporediti s Uredom za nuklearni otpad Ministarstva energetike u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama.
Andra also pursues industrial, research, and information activities as it designs and implements disposal solutions suited to each category of radioactive waste:
Andra također obavlja industrijske, istraživačke i informacijske aktivnosti dok dizajnira i provodi rješenja za odlaganje koja odgovaraju svakoj kategoriji radioaktivnog otpada:
the collection, conditioning, disposal of radioactive waste from small producers (hospitals, research centers, industry), specification of waste packages for disposal, disposal in suited sites, monitoring of closed disposal facilities, research programs for long-lived and high level activity waste, especially through the operation of an underground research laboratory in a deep clay formation…
- prikupljanje, kondicioniranje, zbrinjavanje radioaktivnog otpada od malih proizvođača (bolnica, istraživačkih centara, industrije), specifikacija paketa otpada za zbrinjavanje, odlaganje u pogodnim mjestima, praćenje zatvorenih objekata za odlaganje, istraživački programi za dugotrajni i visokorazinski aktivni otpad, posebno kroz rad podzemnog istraživačkog laboratorija u dubokoj formaciji gline...
General Directorate for Energy and Climate (DGEC)
Generalna uprava za energetiku i klimu (DGEC)
The General Directorate for Energy and Climate represents the government and is part of the Office of the Department for Ecology and Sustainable Development. It defines the French nuclear policy.
Generalna uprava za energetiku i klimu predstavlja vladu i dio je Ureda Odjela za ekologiju i održivi razvoj.
The DGEC takes care of the energy supply, the security of supply, oil refining and logistics, nuclear industry, and coal and mines.
DGEC vodi računa o opskrbi energijom, sigurnosti opskrbe, rafiniranju nafte i logistici, nuklearnoj industriji, te ugljenu i rudnicima.
Consequently, its activities include:
Slijedom toga, njegove aktivnosti uključuju:
the design and implement energy and raw material supply policy, to ensure opening of electricity and gas markets, track key energy and raw material sectors, to oversee enterprises and public institutions in energy sector, to ensure compliance with rules and regulations governing energy sector, to participate in European and international energy projects and working groups, to provide economic, environmental, and fiscal expertise on energy matters.
- projektiranje i provedba energetske i sirovinske politike opskrbe, osiguravanje otvaranja tržišta električne energije i plina, praćenje ključnih energetskih i sirovinskih sektora, nadgledanje poduzeća i javnih institucija u energetskom sektoru, osiguravanje usklađenosti s pravilima i propisima kojima se uređuje energetski sektor, sudjelovanje u europskim i međunarodnim energetskim projektima i radnim skupinama, pružanje ekonomske, ekološke i fiskalne stručnosti o energetskim pitanjima.
The Rise of Nuclear Power Generation in France.
Uspon generacije nuklearne energije u Francuskoj.
White-throated Magpie-Jays (Calocitta formosa) are beautiful big jays that travel the North Pacific slopes in small flocks. Their songs and calls are quite varied - this is one of the typical calls, recorded on the road to Monteverde (Costa Rica).
Bijeli Magpie-Jays (Calocitta formosa) su prekrasni veliki jayi koji putuju sjevernopacifičkim obroncima u malim jatima. Njihove pjesme i pozivi su dosta raznoliki - to je jedan od tipičnih poziva, snimljenih na putu za Monteverde (Kostarika).
Douglas Von Gausig (recordist; copyright holder), Naturesongs.com
Douglas Von Gausig (rekorder; nositelj autorskih prava), Naturesongs.com
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
- Ovaj rad je licenciran pod Creative Commons Atribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Neportirana licenca.
Disclaimer: The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe.
Web za raznolikost životinja je edukativni resurs napisan uglavnom po i za studente. ADW ne pokriva sve vrste na svijetu, niti uključuje sve najnovije znanstvene informacije o organizmima koje opisujemo.
Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts.
- Iako uređujemo račune za točnost, ne možemo garantirati sve informacije na tim računima.
While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control.
Dok osoblje ADW-a i suradnici pružaju reference na knjige i web stranice za koje vjerujemo da su ugledne, ne možemo nužno podržati sadržaj referenci izvan naše kontrole.