ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ
Making a home
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ
Other websites
(ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ)
(Pictures of Bird Nests)
ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱥᱱᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ
This is a blackbird nest. Once the eggs have hatched and are gone, the bird will no longer use the nest.
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱰᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱜᱮᱞᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱲ (ᱤᱜᱚᱞ) ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱚᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱺᱠ, ᱜᱷᱟᱲᱣᱟ, ᱥᱩᱡ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾
There are all kinds of nests, from cup nests to digging holes in the ground to simply stuffing some leaves inside the "o" of a McDonald sign. The word can be used as a noun or a verb, as in – a bird nests in a nest. They are in all kinds of sizes: some can be as big and heavy as a car, like an old eagle's nest, while some can be tiny as a thimble, like the nest of a Bee Hummingbird.
ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱮᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱮᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱾
Usually, the female builds the nest, and the male helps her. In some species, though, the male does nothing, and in others, the male builds the nest and the female does nothing.
ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱰᱮᱡ, ᱜᱟᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ, ᱚᱲᱮᱡ ᱞᱩᱜᱲᱤ, ᱵᱤᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱜ ᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱱᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱜᱩᱵ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱪᱚᱣᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾
Many birds "glue" their nests together with materials like spider webs, silk, mud, and even their own saliva (spit). Most nest builders like to put soft things inside their nest. Some birds even put herbs and spices in their nest.
ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ
Bird nest
ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱫ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ (heat) ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱢᱤ (work) ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ "ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱚᱥ" (ενθαλπος) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱮ" ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱰᱚᱪ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱭᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱢᱮᱨᱞᱤᱝ ᱚᱱᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟενθαλπος), ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱸᱫ ᱾
Enthalpy is a concept used in science and engineering when heat and work need to be calculated.The name comes from the Greek word "enthalpos" (ενθαλπος), meaning "to put heat into". The idea and the word was made up by the Dutch scientist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1909.
ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ (ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥ) ᱠᱚᱸᱥᱴᱟᱸᱴ (constant) ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱨ (pressure) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ , ᱩᱱᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱭᱟᱭ ᱾
When a substance changes at constant pressure, enthalpy tells how much heat and work was added or removed from the substance.
ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱜᱮᱥᱚᱞᱤᱱ (gasoline) ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱛᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱜᱮᱥᱚᱞᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱡᱩᱞ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱥᱚᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱡᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱛᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ∆H = –᱑᱐᱐ kJ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
For example, if gasoline is burned in the open air, heat is released by the gasoline. If we suppose 100 kilojoules of heat were released, then the enthalpy of the gasoline was reduced by 100 kilojoules. Therefore the change in enthalpy for this reaction was ∆H = –100 kJ.
ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱭ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ∆H ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱜᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱜᱽᱡᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
If a chemical reaction gives off heat (warming its surroundings), then the enthalpy of the reaction is said to have decreased. The value of ∆H is negative. This kind of reaction, like the example above, is called exothermic.
ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱭ ᱡᱟᱴᱟᱜᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ∆H ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱡᱤᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱰᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
If a chemical reaction absorbs heat (cooling its surroundings), then the reaction's enthalpy has increased. The value of ∆H is positive. This is called an endothermic reaction.
ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ (grow) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱩᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ (shrinks), ᱩᱱ ᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱟ ᱾
When a substance grows or shrinks, energy is used up or released. Enthalpy accounts for this energy. Because of this, scientists often calculate the change in enthalpy, rather than the change in energy.
ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱢᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱺ
Consider a system containing a fixed amount of gas. Any heat energy energy entering the system will:
᱑) ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ (internal energy) ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
1) Increase the Internal Energy of the gas
ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ !
or!
᱒) ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱭᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (work done) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱱᱩᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱺ
2) Lead to some work being done to expand the system The work done is the product of pressure and volume. Enthalpy takes both these factors into account, therefore:
ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ (H)= ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ (u) + (ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱨ(P) * ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱢ (v))
Enthalpy (H)= Internal Energy (u) + (Pressure(P) * Volume (v))
ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ
Enthalpy and chemical reactions
ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱩᱨᱜᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱪᱤ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱞᱯᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
When a chemical reaction happens, a substance can become warmer or colder. As a result, heat will flow to things around it, or from things around it, until its temperature is the same again. If the pressure stays the same, this amount of heat tells how much the enthalpy changed.