<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <text> <s id="1"> <w id="1.1">Notes</w> </s> <s id="2"> <w id="2.1">↑</w> <w id="2.2">All</w> <w id="2.3">astronomical</w> <w id="2.4">quantities</w> <w id="2.5">vary</w> <w id="2.6">,</w> <w id="2.7">both</w> <w id="2.8">secularly</w> <w id="2.9">and</w> <w id="2.10">periodically</w> <w id="2.11">.</w> </s> <s id="3"> <w id="3.1">The</w> <w id="3.2">quantities</w> <w id="3.3">given</w> <w id="3.4">are</w> <w id="3.5">the</w> <w id="3.6">values</w> <w id="3.7">at</w> <w id="3.8">the</w> <w id="3.9">instant</w> <w id="3.10">J2000.0</w> <w id="3.11">of</w> <w id="3.12">the</w> <w id="3.13">secular</w> <w id="3.14">variation</w> <w id="3.15">,</w> <w id="3.16">ignoring</w> <w id="3.17">all</w> <w id="3.18">periodic</w> <w id="3.19">variations</w> <w id="3.20">.</w> </s> <s id="4"> <w id="4.1">1</w> <w id="4.2">2</w> <w id="4.3">aphelion</w> <w id="4.4">=</w> <w id="4.5">a</w> <w id="4.6">×</w> <w id="4.7">(</w> <w id="4.8">1</w> <w id="4.9">+</w> <w id="4.10">e</w> <w id="4.11">)</w> <w id="4.12">;</w> <w id="4.13">perihelion</w> <w id="4.14">=</w> <w id="4.15">a</w> <w id="4.16">×</w> <w id="4.17">(</w> <w id="4.18">1</w> <w id="4.19">–</w> <w id="4.20">e</w> <w id="4.21">)</w> <w id="4.22">,</w> <w id="4.23">where</w> <w id="4.24">a</w> <w id="4.25">is</w> <w id="4.26">the</w> <w id="4.27">semi-major</w> <w id="4.28">axis</w> <w id="4.29">and</w> <w id="4.30">e</w> <w id="4.31">is</w> <w id="4.32">the</w> <w id="4.33">eccentricity</w> <w id="4.34">.</w> </s> <s id="5"> <w id="5.1">The</w> <w id="5.2">difference</w> <w id="5.3">between</w> <w id="5.4">Earth</w> <w id="5.5">'s</w> <w id="5.6">perihelion</w> <w id="5.7">and</w> <w id="5.8">aphelion</w> <w id="5.9">is</w> <w id="5.10">5</w> <w id="5.11">million</w> <w id="5.12">kilometers</w> <w id="5.13">.</w> <w id="5.14">↑</w> <w id="5.15">United</w> <w id="5.16">States</w> <w id="5.17">Strategic</w> <w id="5.18">Command</w> <w id="5.19">tracks</w> <w id="5.20">about</w> <w id="5.21">15,000</w> <w id="5.22">other</w> <w id="5.23">artificial</w>