Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Thai: แปลก พิบูลสงคราม; [plɛ̀ːk pʰí.būːn.sǒŋ.kʰrāːm]; alternatively transcribed as Pibulsongkram or Pibulsonggram; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964), locally known as Chomphon Por (Thai: จอมพล ป.; [tɕɔ̄ːm.pʰōn.pɔ̄ː]), contemporarily known as Phibun (Pibul) in the West, was Prime Minister and virtual military dictator of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957.
Plaek Phibunsongkhram amo an Prime ministro sa Thailand.
Bai Wanxiang (simplified Chinese: 白万祥; traditional Chinese: 白萬祥; pinyin: Bái Wànxiáng, Pai Wan-hsiang 1920–2004) was Director of the Kuomintang's (KMT) overseas secret police, the so-called Mainland Operations Office (陸工會, Lu Gonghui), from 1979 to 1986.[1] Bai is chiefly remembered as the person suspected of masterminding the assassinations of Taiwan pro-democracy dissidents such as Henry Liu (劉宜良) by KMT secret police. Bai is also known to have attempted to have Hsu Hsin-liang (許信良) assassinated by Kung Fu star Jimmy Wang Yu (王羽) during the 1980s.[2]
Bai Wanxiang (1920-2004) amo an politiko sa Republika han Tsina.
Li Yuan-tsu (Chinese: 李元簇; pinyin: Lǐ Yuáncù; born September 24, 1923 in Pingjiang, Hunan), is a Kuomintang politician who served under Lee Teng-hui as the eighth Vice President of the Republic of China.[1] Li is of Hakka ancestry.[2]
Li Yuan-tsu (1923.09.24) amo an politiko sa Republika han Tsina.
Works
Mga búhat
Francesco Cilea circa 1910
Hi Francesco Cilea circa 1910
Francesco Cilea (also Cilèa;[1] Palmi, 23 July 1866 – Varazze, 20 November 1950) was an Italian composer.
Hi Francesco Cilea (puyde gihapon Cilèa;[1] Palmi, 23 Hulyo 1866 – Varazze, 20 Nobyembre1950) usa nga Italyano nga kompositor.
Today he is particularly known for his operas L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur.
Ha yana, kilalado hiya tungod han iya mga opera nga L'arlesiana ngan Adriana Lecouvreur.
Born in Palmi near Reggio di Calabria, Cilea gave early indication of an aptitude for music when at the age of four he heard a performance of Vincenzo Bellini's Norma and was greatly affected by it. He was sent to study music at the Conservatorio San Pietro a Maiella in Naples, where he quickly demonstrated his diligence and precocious talent, earning a gold medal from the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione (Department of Education).
Natawo hiya ha Palmi harani ha Reggio di Calabria, ngan hi Cilea nagpakita hin sayo nga tigaman hin pagkakarit hin musika ha edad hin upat ka tuig han pakabati niya hin pasundayag han kan Vincenzo Bellini opera nga Norma ngan naapektohan hiya hin duro hini. Ginpadara hiya pag-aram hin musika didto han Conservatorio San Pietro a Maiella ha Napoles, nga diin hin madali nga panahon nagpakita hiya han iya dilihensya ngan abilidad, nga nakadaog hiya hin bulawan nga medalya tikang han Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione (Ministero han Publiko nga Pagtutdo o Departmento hin Edukasyon).
In 1889, for his final examination at the end of his course of study, he submitted his opera Gina, with a libretto by Enrico Golisciani which was adapted from the old French play Catherine, ou La Croix d'or by Baron Anne-Honoré-Joseph Duveyrier de Mélésville (1787—1865).
Han 1889, par han iya kataposan nga examinasyon ha kataposan han iya kurso hin pag-aram, ginsumite niya an iya opera nga Gina, upod hin libretto ni Enrico Golisciani nga gin-adapt tikang han daan nga Franses nga drama Catherine, ou La Croix d'or ni Baron Anne-Honoré-Joseph Duveyrier de Mélésville (1787—1865).
This melodramma idilico was performed in the college theatre, and it attracted the attention of the publishers Sonzogno, who arranged for a second production, in Florence, in 1892.
Ini nga melodramma idilico ginpasundayag dida han teatro han kolehiya ngan nakakuha ini hin atensyon tikang han mga magmamantala nga Sonzogno, nga nagpagawas hin ikaduha nga pagpasundayag ha Florensya, han 1892.
Sonzogno also then commissioned from Cilea La Tilda, a verismo opera in three short acts along the lines of Cavalleria rusticana.
Ginkomisyon gihapon han Sonzogno kan Cilea an La Tilda, usa nga verismo nga opera hin tulo ka halipot nga mga act sugad han kahimo han Cavalleria rusticana.
With a libretto by Angelo Zanardini, La Tilda had a successful first performance in April 1892 at the Teatro Pagliano in Florence, and after performances in a number of Italian theatres, it arrived at the Vienna Exhibition on 24 September 1892, alongside other works from the firm of Sonzogno.
Upod hin libretto ni Angelo Zanardini, an La Tilda nagkaada hin malinamposon nga syahan nga pasundayag dida han Abril 1892 dida ha Teatro Pagliano ha Florensya, ngan katapos hin mga pasundayag hin pipira nga mga Italyano nga teatro, inmabot ini ha Vienna Exhibition han 24 han Septyembre 1892, upod hin pipira nga mga buhat tikang han kompanyiya han Sonzogno.
The composer never showed much sympathy for this work, the subject of which he reluctantly agreed to set to music in order to please Sonzogno and to avoid throwing away a rare professional opportunity.
Waray gud magpakita hin dako nga pag-ugop an kompositor para hini nga sinurat, nga diin an suheto baga hin tinmangdo na la hiya pagbutang ha musika basi malipay an Sonzogno ngan maglikay hin pagkarag hin panalagsa nga higayon nga propesyonal.
The loss of the orchestral score has prevented the modern revival of this work, whose fresh and catchy melodies can nevertheless be discovered in the transcription for voice and piano.
An kawara han orkestral nga score hini amo an nakapugong hin pagbanhaw hini nga buhat, pero bian pa an mga lab-as ngan nakakadakop nga mga melodiya hini madidiskobrehan dida han transkripsyon para han tingog ngan piano.
In 1897 (27 November), the Teatro Lirico in Milan saw the première of Cilea's third opera L'Arlesiana, based on the play by Alphonse Daudet, with a libretto by Leopoldo Marenco. Among the cast was the young Enrico Caruso, who performed with great success the Lamento di Federico: È la solita storia del pastore, the romance which was to keep alive the memory of the opera even to the present day. In reality L'Arlesiana was a failure which Cilea, being convinced of the work's value, tried repeatedly to remedy, making drastic and detailed alterations throughout the remainder of his life.
Han 1897 (27 Nobyembre), nagkaada ha Teatro Lirico ha Milan an première han kan Cilea ikatulo nga opera L'Arlesiana, nga nahibase dida han drama ni Alphonsea Daudet, upod hin libretto ni Leopoldo Marenco. Lakip dida han mga api hini nga pasundayag an batan-on nga Enrico Caruso, nga nagpasundayag hin dako nga pagkamalinamposon han Lamento di Federico: È la solita storia del pastore, an romance nga magpapahinumdom han opera bisan kutob ha yana nga adlaw. Ha matuod palpak an L'Arlesiana nga diin hi Cilea, nakumbinse han kaupay han sinurat, nagbalikbalik hin pagliwat, paghinimo hin mga dagko ngan detalyado nga mga pagliwat ha iya bug-os nga kinabuhi.
In the score which we hear today, it is hard to find a single bar which is completely unchanged from the original.
Dida han score nga nababatian naton yana nga adlaw, makuri makabiling hin bisan usa nga bahin nga waray gud mabalyoan tikang han orihinal.
The revised opera was however still not successful, apart from a brief period in the 1930s when it benefited from political support which the composer established through personal contact with Mussolini.
Bisan pa, an ginrevisar nga opera waray pa magmalinamposon , gawas hin halipot nga panahon dida han dekada han mga 1930 nga diin nakakarawat ini hin suprta ha politika nga nakuha han kompositor pinaagi hin personal nga pagkakilala kan Mussolini.
Again at the Teatro Lirico in Milan, in 1902 (6 November) and again with Enrico Caruso, the composer won an enthusiastic reception for Adriana Lecouvreur, a 4-act opera with a libretto by Arturo Colautti, set in 18th century Paris and based upon a play by Eugène Scribe.
Pagbalik liwat ha Teatro Lirico ha Milan, han 1902 (6 Nobyembre) ngan upod gihapon kan Enrico Caruso, nakadaog an kompositor hin mabaskog nga pagkarawat para han Adriana Lecouvreur, usa nga 4-act nga opera nga upod hin libretto ni Arturo Colautti, nga an istorya dida han ika-18 nga siglo nga Paris ngan nahibasi dida hin drama ni Eugène Scribe.
Adriana Lecouvreur is the opera of Cilea which is best known to international audiences today, and it reveals the spontaneity of a melodic style drawn from the Neapolitan school combined with harmonic and tonal shading influenced by French composers such as Massenet.
An Adriana Lecouvreur amo an opera ni Cilea nga kilalado ha mga internasyonal nga mga magkirita ha yana ngan nagpapakita ini han spontaneity hin estilo ha tunog tikang Napolitano nga klase nga nahisagol han harmonico ngan tonal nga shading nga impluwensya han mga Franses nga kompositor sugad kan Massenet.
Cilea's mausoleum in Palmi
An mausoleo ni Cilea ha Palmi
As a performer there is a number of examples of Cilea's art.
Komo usa nga nagpapasundáyag mayda pipira nga mga pananglitan han búhat ni Cilea.
At the piano Cilea accompanied (none too elegantly) Caruso in a recording of a part of the duet Non piu nobile and made another recording with the baritone De Luca at the same time (November 1902).
Ha piano, nagtukar hi Cilea (diri gud duro ka maupay) ha pag-upod kan Caruso hin pagrekord hin bahin han duet nga Non piu nobile ngan naghimo hin lain nga ginrekord upod han baritone nga hi De Luca hitón gihapon nga panahon (Nobyembre 1902).
In 1904 for the Gramophone (and Typewriter Company) he accompanied the tenor Fernando De Lucia in L'anima ho stanca from Adriana Lecouvreur and in the song Lontananza, an effort which critic Michael Henstock (in his biography of De Lucia) declares is hardly inspired by De Lucia's fine performances.
Han 1904 para han Gramophone (ngan Typewriter nga Company) gintokar hin pag-upod niya an tenor nga hi Fernando De Lucia dida han L'anima ho stanca tikang han Adriana Lecouvreur ngan dida han kanta nga Lontananza, usa nga paninguha nga diin an kritiko nga hi Michael Henstock (dida han iya biyograpiya mahitungod kan De Lucia) nagdeklara nga waray gud na-inspirar han mga maupay nga pasundayag ni De Lucia.
Even given the crude recording techniques of the day Cilea's piano playing (put charitably) seems square and lifeless. (see Henstock).
Bisan pa man kun diri pino an mga tekniko hin pagrekord hadto nga panahon an pagtokar han piano ni Cilea (kun upayon pagyakan) baga hin ordinaryo ngan waray kabaskog. (kitaa hi Henstock).
Cilea's last opera, premièred at La Scala in Milan on 15 April 1907 under the baton of Arturo Toscanini, was the 3-act tragedy Gloria, again with a libretto by Colautti, based on a play by Victorien Sardou.
An kataposan nga opera ni Cilea, nga ginpremyer ha La Scala ha Milan han15 han Abril 1907 ha ilarom han baton ni Arturo Toscanini, amo an 3-ka-act nga trahedya Gloria, nga ginsuratan gihapon hin libretto ni Colautti, nga ginbatakan dida hin drama ni Victorien Sardou.
The opera was withdrawn after only two performances; and the failure of this work, even though the composer attempted a later revision, was enough to drive him to abandon the operatic stage for good.
Ginbawi tikang ha pagpasundayag an opera katapos hin duha la ka pagpasundayag ngan an pagkawaray pagkamalinamposon hini nga búhat, bisana man kun an kompositor naningkamot hin urhe nga pagrebisar, igo na nga nakapaghadong hiya tikang han entablado han opera.
There are however indications of some later unfulfilled operatic projects, which survive as parts or sketches of libretti, such as Il ritorno dell'amore by Renato Simoni, Malena by Ettore Moschino, and La rosa di Pompei, also by Moschino (dated "Naples, 20 May 1924").
Kundi mayda mga pagpakita hin mga urhe nga waray katuman nga mga proyekto ha opera nga nagpabilin komo mga parte o mga sketch hin libretti, sugad han Il ritorno dell'amore ni Renato Simoni, Malena ni Ettore Moschino, ngan La rosa di Pompei, nga ginsurat gihapon ni Moschino (ginpitsahan hin "Napoles, 20 Mayo 1924").
Some sources also refer to an opera of 1909, completed but never performed, called Il matrimonio selvaggio, but no copy of this survives and Cilea himself made no mention of it in his volumes of memoirs ("Ricordi").
Mayda mga naghurubhurob hin opara han 1909, nga natapos kundi waray ginpasundayag nga an tawag Il matrimonio selvaggio, pero waray kopya hiya nga nabibilin ngan hi Cilea ngahaw waray magyakan mahiunong hini dida han iya mga volumen hin mga memoir ("Ricordi").
Nevertheless, he continued to compose chamber music, and some orchestral music.
Bisan pa man, nagpadayon hiyá pagkomposo hin chamber nga musika, ngan hin pipira nga musika pan-orkestra.
In 1913 he produced a symphonic poem in honour of Giuseppe Verdi with verses by Sem Benelli, which was first performed at the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa.
Han 1913 nagpagawas hiya hin simponiko nga siday ha dungog ni Giuseppe Verdi upod hin mga garay ni Sem Benelli, nga syahan ginpasundayag ha Teatro Carlo Felice ha Genoa.
After this he devoted himself principally to education and became director of the Conservatorio Vincenzo Bellini in Palermo, and then at his alma mater, the Conservatorio San Pietro a Maiella in Naples, where he ended his teaching career in 1936.
Katapos hini ginhatag niya an iya mga paninguha ha pagtutdo ngan hiya an nagin direktor han Conservatorio Vincenzo Bellini ha Palermo, ngan ha sunod didto han iya alma mater, an Conservatorio San Pietro a Maiella ha Napoles, nga diin nagtapos hiya han iya karera ha pagtutdo han 1936.
In his last years Cilea's eyesight failed but his mind was active enough to encourage and work with singers of the day.
Ha iya kataposan nga mga tuig an pagkita ni Cilea ha iya mga matá nagluya kundi an iya panhunahuna maabtik pa gihapon pag-aghat ngan pagbúhat upod han mga magkaranta hadton nga adlaw.
Among his last musical activities was his championship of the soprano Magda Olivero (1910–2014), whose performances in the title role of Adriana Lecouvreur he especially admired.
Upod han iya mga kataposan nga buhat ha musika amo an iya pag-kampeonar han soprano nga hi Magda Olivero (1910–2014), nga an mga pagpasundayag hini dida han titulo nga papel han Adriana Lecouvreur dako an pag-admirar niya.
Cilea died on 20 November 1950 in Varazze, a town near Savona in Liguria which offered him honorary citizenship and where he spent the last years of his life.
Namatay hi Cilea dida han 20 Nobyembre 1950 ha Varazze, usa nga bungto harani ha Savona ha Liguria nga nagsaad ha iya hin pagkabungtohanon ha dungog ngan diin hiya nag-ukoy han kataposan nga mga tuig han iya kinabuhi..
The Conservatorio di Musica and the Teatro Communale of Reggio di Calabria were renamed in his memory, and his native town of Palmi built a mausoleum in his memory, decorated with scenes from the myth of Orpheus.
An Conservatorio di Musica ngan an Teatro Communale of Reggio di Calabria ginbag-ohan hin ngaran ha iya dungog, ngan an iya minat'an nga bungto han Palmi nagtukod hin mausoleo ha iya dungog, nga ginrayandayan hin mga eksena tikang han mito ni Orpeo.
Operas
Mga opera
Gina (February 1889 Teatro Conservatorio S. Pietro alla Majella, Naples).
Gina (Pebrero1889 Teatro Conservatorio S. Pietro alla Majella, Naples).
La Tilda (7 April 1892 Teatro Pagliano, Florence).
La Tilda (7 April 1892 Teatro Pagliano, Florensya).
L'arlesiana (27 November 1897 Teatro Lirico, Milan), first revision (22 October 1898 Milan), second revision (1910), third revision (1937).
L'arlesiana (27 Nobyembre 1897 Teatro Lirico, Milan), syahan nga rebisyon (22 Oktubre1898 Milan), ikaduha nga rebisyon (1910), ikatulo nga rebisyon (1937).
Adriana Lecouvreur (6 November 1902 Teatro Lirico, Milan).
Adriana Lecouvreur (6 Nobyembre 1902 Teatro Lirico, Milan).
Gloria (15 April 1907 Teatro alla Scala, Milan), revision (1932).
Gloria (15 Abril 1907 Teatro alla Scala, Milan), revision (1932).
Other works
Iba nga mga búhat
Foglio d'album, Op. 41 Gocce di rugiada L'arcolaio Melodia (F major) Symphonic Poem in honour of Giuseppe Verdi Romanza (A major) Sonata for cello and piano in D major, Op. 38 (1888) Waltz in D flat major
Foglio d'album, Op. 41 Gocce di rugiada L'arcolaio Melodia (F major) Simfoniko nga siday ha dungog ni Giuseppe Verdi Romanza (A major) Sonata para hin cello ngan piano ha D major, Op. 38 (1888) Waltz ha D flat major
Voice and piano
Ha tingog ngan piano
A biographical timeline (from the Conservatorio di Musica "Francesco Cilea").
Usa nga biyograpiko nga linea hin panahon (tikang han Conservatorio di Musica "Francesco Cilea").
Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; rtgs: Phumiphon Adunyadet; pronounced [pʰuːmípʰon ʔàdunjádèːt]; see full title below; 5 December 1927 – 13 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great in 1987,[1][2][3][4] was the ninth monarch of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty as Rama IX. Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he was, at the time of his death, the world's longest-serving head of state[5] and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history, serving for 70 years, 126 days.[6] During his reign, he was served by a total of 30 prime ministers beginning with Pridi Banomyong and ending with Prayut Chan-o-cha.[7]
Bhumibol Adulyadej (natawo Disyembre 5, 1927 - Oktubre 13, 2016) amo an yana nga hadi han Thailand.
External links
Link ha gawas
Early life
Siyahan nga Kinabuhi
Career
Propesyon
2010–11: Early beginnings
2010–11: Tinikangan