The Scheimpflug principle is a geometric rule that describes the orientation of the plane of focus of an optical system (such as a camera) when the lens plane is not parallel to the image plane. It is commonly applied to the use of camera movements on a view camera. It is also the principle used in corneal pachymetry, the mapping of corneal topography, done prior to refractive eye surgery such as LASIK, and used for early detection of keratoconus.
Şaýmflug prinsipi geometriki düzgün bolup ol optiki sistemanyň (fotoapparat ýaly) lens tekizligi (LT) surat tekizligine (ST) parallel däl ýagdaýynda fokus tekizliginiň (FT) ugruny kesgitleýär. Bu prinsip awstriýaly harby kapitan Teodor Şaýmflugyň adyny göterýär.
The principle is named after Austrian army Captain Theodor Scheimpflug, who used it in devising a systematic method and apparatus for correcting perspective distortion in aerial photographs.
Ol bu prinsipi, uçaryň üstünden ýeriň suratyny alanda perspektiwadaky ýoýulmanyň düzedilmegi üçin ulanypdyr.
Figure 1.
Şekil 1.
With a normal camera, when the subject is not parallel to the image plane, only a small region is in focus.
Adaty fotoapparat bilen, haçan-da jisim tekizligi surat tekizligine parallel däl bolsa, diňe kiçi bölek fokusda (dury) bolar.
Normally, the lens and image (film or sensor) planes of a camera are parallel, and the plane of focus (PoF) is parallel to the lens and image planes.
Adatça, fotoapparadyň lens we surat (film ýa-da sensor) tekizlikleri paralleldir we netije-de fokus tekizligi hem parallel bolýar.
If a planar subject (such as the side of a building) is also parallel to the image plane, it can coincide with the PoF, and the entire subject can be rendered sharply.
Eger-de tekiz jisim (binanyň diwary ýaly) surat tekizligine parallel bolsa, fokus tekizliginiň üstüne gabat gelmegi mümkin we netije-de jisim surata dury çykar.
If the subject plane is not parallel to the image plane, it will be in focus only along a line where it intersects the PoF, as illustrated in Figure 1.
Eger-de jisim tekizligi surat tekizligine parallel däl bolsa, on-da jisim tekizligi diňe fokus tekizligi bilen kesişen çyzygynda dury görner, Şekil 1-de görkezilişi ýaly.
When an oblique tangent is extended from the image plane, and another is extended from the lens plane, they meet at a line through which the PoF also passes, as illustrated in Figure 2.
Surat we lens tekizliklerinden tangens çyzygy geçirilen-de, fokus tekizliginiň geçýän çyzygynda kesişýärler, Şekil 2-de görkezilişi ýaly.
With this condition, a planar subject that is not parallel to the image plane can be completely in focus.
Şu ýagdaýda, surat tekizligine parallel bolmadyk tekiz jisim doly fokusda (dury) bolar.
Scheimpflug principle
Şaýmflug prinsipi
External links
Goşmaça çykgytlar
Description of the Scheimpflug principle
Şaýmflug prinsipiniň düşündirilişi
3.Nc3 and 3.Nd2
3.Ac3 we 3.Ad2
Modern Variation: 3...dxe4 4.Nxe4 Nd7
Modern wariant: 3...dxe4 4.Axe4 Ad7
Main line: 2.d4 d5
Esasy liniýa: 2.d4 d5
Classical Variation: 3...dxe4 4.Nxe4 Bf5
Nusgawy wariant: 3...dxe4 4.Axe4 Pf5
Caro–Kann Defence a b c d e f g h 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 a b c d e f g h Moves 1.e4 c6 ECO B10–B19 Origin Bruederschaft (journal), 1886 Named after Horatio Caro and Marcus Kann Parent King's Pawn Game
Karo-Kan goragy (iňlisçe: Caro–Kann Defence) şu göçümler arkaly synplandyrylýan küşt açylyşydyr:
Accomplishments
Gazanan üstünlikleri
Bibliography
Bibliogrfiýasy
References
Referanslar
Ak Welsapar (Russian Ак Вельсапар; born September 19, 1956 in Mary, Turkmenistan) is a Turkmenistan journalist and writer.
Ak Welsapar (Rus dilinde Ак Вельсапар; 1956-njy ýylyň 19-njy Sentýabry Mary, Turkmenistan dogulan) Turkmenistan žurnalist we ýazyjy.
Ak Welsapar writes in Turkmen, Russian and Swedish and he is the author of more than 20 books and his books have come out in many languages.[1] The American journal, The World Literature Today in its review of this book wrote: “Cobra is a must for all specialists of Central Asia and a great read for anyone interested in the psychology of despots.”[2] This was followed by the release in English of his novel The Tale of Aypi.
Ak Welsapar Türkmen, Rus we Şwed dillerinde ýazýar. Ol 20-den gowurak kitabyň awtory, olaryň ençemesi birnäçe daşary ýurt dillerine terjime edilen.[1] The American journal, The World Literature Today kitaplarynyň synlarynda şeýle ýazýar: “Kobra, Orta Aziýa spesialistleriniň ählisiniň we despot psihologiýasy bilen gyzyklanýanlar üçin okalmaly ajaýyp eser.”[2] Dowamynda "Aýpi hakyndaky rowaýat" atly kitaby hem çykdy.
Welsapar was awarded the Ukrainian literary prize “Triumf” named after Nikolai Gogol for his novel The Emerald Shore (2014).[3]
Welsaparyň The Emerald Shore (2014, Zümerret Kenar) atly eseri Ukrainanyň Nikolaý Gogol adyndaky “Triumf” baýraga mynasyp görüldi.[3]
1986 – Sepgit (in Turkmen).
1986 – Sepgit.
Ashgabat: Magaryf, I – 06848 [English title: The First Drop] 1988 – Gawunkelle (in Turkmen).
Ashgabat: Magaryf, I – 06848 [English title: The First Drop] 1988 – Gawunkelle.
Ashgabat: Magaryf, ISBN 5-675-00185-9 [English title: The Melon Head] 1990 – Ahal aýak ýeterde (in Turkmen).
Ashgabat: Magaryf, ISBN 5-675-00185-9 [English title: The Melon Head] 1990 – Ahal aýak ýeterde.
Ashgabat: Turkmenistan, ISBN 5-8320-0263-6 [English title: A Long Journey to Nearby] 1990 – Böwsülen tümlük (in Turkmen).
Ashgabat: Turkmenistan, ISBN 5-8320-0263-6 [English title: A Long Journey to Nearby] 1990 – Böwsülen tümlük.
Ashgabat: Sowet edebiyaty, Nr 11-12, ISSN 0205-9975 [English title: This Darkness Is Brighter] 1991 – Köne halydaky egri gylyç (in Turkmen).
Ashgabat: Sowet edebiyaty, Nr 11-12, ISSN 0205-9975 [English title: This Darkness Is Brighter] 1991 – Köne halydaky egri gylyç.
Ak Welsapar
Ulanyjy:JumahanM/Ak Welsapar
External links
Aýratyn çykgytlar
Notes
Seret
Countries that have Nowruz as a public holiday include:
Nowruzyň döwletlere göra bellenilişi:
Afghanistan (21 March)[24] Albania (22 March)[1][2] Azerbaijan (20 March to 26 March, total of seven days)[77][78] Georgia[79] Iran (20 March to 24 March, total of five days in general and total of 14 days for schools and universities)[80] Iraq (de jure in Iraqi Kurdistan, de facto national)[6] (21 March)[81] Kazakhstan (21 March to 24 March, total of four days)[7] Kosovo (21 March) Kyrgyzstan (21 March)[82][83] Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia (22 March, regional state holiday only) Tajikistan (20 March to 23 March, total of four days)[12][84] Turkmenistan (21 March to 22 March, total of two days)[85] Uzbekistan (21 March)[86]
Afghanistan (21 Mart)[24] Şablon:Country data Albania Albania (22 Mart)[1][2] Şablon:Country data Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (20-26 Mart aralygy, jemi 7 gün)[77][78] Şablon:Country data Georgia Georgia[79] Iran (20-24 Mart)[80] Şablon:Country data Iraq Iraq (de jure in Şablon:Country data Kurdistan Iraqi Kurdistan, de facto national)[6] (21 Mart[81] Kazakhstan (21-24 Mart)[7] Şablon:Country data Kosovo Kosovo (21 Mart) Şablon:Country data Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan (21Mart)[82][83] Şablon:Country data Mongolia Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia (22 Mart) Şablon:Country data Tajikistan Tajikistan (20-23 Mart)[12][84] Turkmenistan (21-22 Mart, jemi 2 gün)[85] Uzbekistan (21 Mart)[86]
Nowruz نوروز Growing wheatgrass is one of the most common traditional preparations for Nowruz. Also called Albanian: Novruzit[note 1] Azerbaijani: Novruz, نوروز, Новруз Bashkir: Науруз, Nawruz Crimean Tatar: Navrez, Наврез Dari: نوروز, Nauruz Georgian: ნავრუზი, Navruzi[note 2] Gujarati: નવરોઝ, Navarōjha Polish: Nowy Rok Slovak: Nový Rok Kazakh: Наурыз, Nawryz, ناۋرىز Kurdish: نەورۆز, Newroz[note 3] Kyrgyz: Нооруз, Nooruz, نوورۇز Lezgian: Яран Сувар, Yaran Suvar Ossetian: Новруз, Novruz[note 4] Pashto: نوروز, Nawruz Tabassaran: Эбелцан, Ebeltsan Tajik: Наврӯз, Navro‘z Tatar: Нәүрүз, Näwrüz, نەوروز Tati: Nuruz, نوروز Turkish: Nevruz Turkmen: Newruz, Невруз, نوروز Urdu: نوروز, Nawrūz Uyghur: نورۇز, Noruz, Норуз Uzbek: Navruz, Навруз, نەۋرۇز Observed by Iran Afghanistan Albania[1][2] Azerbaijan China (by Tajiks and Turkic peoples)[3] Georgia[4] India (by Iranis, Parsis and some Indian Muslims)[5] Iraq (by Kurds and Turkmens)[6] Kazakhstan[7] Kyrgyzstan[7] Pakistan (by Balochis, Iranis, Parsis and Pashtuns)[8] Russia (by Tabasarans, Crimean Tatars, etc.)[9] Syria (by Kurds)[10][11] Tajikistan[12] Turkey (by Azerbaijanis, Kurds and Yörüks)[13][14] Turkmenistan[15] Uzbekistan Ethnic groups Albanians[16] Azerbaijanis[17] Balochs[18] Crimean Tatars[19] Gilaks Iranis Kazakhs[7] Kurds[10][14] Kyrgyzs[7] Lezgins[20] Lurs[21] Mazandaranis[22] Parsis[5][23] Pashtuns[24] Persians Slavs Tabasarans[20] Tajiks[12] Talyshs[25] Tats[26][27] Turkmens[15] Uyghurs[28] Uzbeks[29] Type National, ethnic, international Significance New Year holiday Date March 19, 20, or 21 2017 date Monday 20 March 2017 at 10:29 UTC * 2018 date Tuesday 20 March 2018 at 16:15 UTC * 2019 date Wednesday 20 March 2019 at 21:58 UTC * 2020 date Friday 20 March 2020 at 03:50 UTC * Frequency annual
Nowruz نوروز Ösüp barýan maýsa Beýleki atlary Albança: Novruzit Azerbegjança: Novruz , نوروز, Новруз Başkirça Науруз , Nawruz Krym tatar dilinde: Navrez , Наврез dari. نوروز, Nauruz Gürji dilinde(Gruziýa): ნავრუზი , Navruzi Gujaratiçe: નવરોઝ, Navarōjha Polşa dilinde: Nowy Rok Slawakça: Nový Rok Gazakça: Наурыз , Nawryz, ناۋرىز Kurdçe: نەورۆز , Newroz Gyrgyzça: Нооруз , Nooruz, نوورۇز Lezgi dilinde: Яран Сувар , Yaran Suvar Oset dilinde: Новруз , Novruz Paştuça: نوروز , Nawruz Tabassarança: Эбелцан , Ebeltsan Täjikçe: Наврӯз , Navro‘z Tatarça: Нәүрүз , Näwrüz, نەوروز Tati dilinde: Nuruz, نوروز Türkçe: Nevruz Türkmen dilinde: Newruz , Невруз, نوروز Urduça: نوروز , Nawrūz Uýgur dilinde: نورۇز, Noruz, Норуз Özbekçe: Navruz , Навруз, نەۋرۇز Nyşanlary Iran Afghanistanwganystan Şablon:Country data Albanialbani Şablon:Country data Azerbaijan Chinayta (Täjikler we Türkler tarapyndan) Şablon:Country data Georgiaruzi Şablon:Country data Indiaindistan ( Parslan we Hindi musulmanlary tarpyndan) Şablon:Country data Iraqrak (Kürtler we Türkmenler tarapyndan) Kazakhstanazagystan[1] Şablon:Country data Kyrgyzstanyrgyzstan Şablon:Country data Pakistan (Bäluçlar, Parslar we Paştular tarapyndan) Şablon:Country data Russiaussi (by Tabasaranlar, Krym Tatarlary we başgalar.) Şablon:Country data Syriayri (Kürdler tarpyndan) Şablon:Country data Tajikistan Şablon:Country data Turkey (Azeriler, Kürdler we Ýörükler tarapyndan) Turkmenistan Uzbekistanzbekistan Görnüşi Milli, etnik, halkara Ähmiýeti Täze ýyl Wagt Martyň 19, 20, or 21
Nowruz at Encyclopædia Britannica Time and Date for Nowruz around the world Exact Date & Time of Nowruz at [Taghvim.com] (not in English) Nowruz at Encyclopædia Iranica UN Recognizes Nowruz as an International day Nowruz holiday (in English), (in Russian), (in Turkmen) The Persian Nowruz by Iraj Bashiri Nowruz at [parstimes.com] Nowruz Countdown (in Persian) Nowruz Persian New Year – Amaana.org
Nowruz at Encyclopædia Britannica Time and Date for Nowruz around the world Exact Date & Time of Nowruz at [Taghvim.com] (not in English) Nowruz at Encyclopædia Iranica UN Recognizes Nowruz as an International day Nowruz holiday (in English), (türkm.), (in Turkmen) The Persian Nowruz by Iraj Bashiri Nowruz at [parstimes.com] Nowruz Countdown (in Persian) Nowruz Persian New Year – Amaana.org
Videos
Wideolar
Nowruz (Persian: نوروز Nowruz, [nouˈɾuːz]; literally "new day") is the name of the Iranian New Year,[30][31] also known as the Persian New Year,[32][33] which is celebrated worldwide by various ethno-linguistic groups as the beginning of the New Year.
Nowruz (pars. نوروز Nowruz, [nouˈɾuːz]; "Täze gün" ) Eýran Ýyl hasabynda täze ýylyň ady ,[30][31] hem-de Parslaryň täze ýyly,[32][33] we halkara görnüşde dünýäde käbir milletleriň arasynda bellenilýän baýram.
Although having Iranian and religious Zoroastrian origins, Nowruz has been celebrated by people from diverse ethno-linguistic communities. It has been celebrated for over 3,000 years in Western Asia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Black Sea Basin, and the Balkans.[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] It is a secular holiday for most celebrants that is enjoyed by people of several different faiths, but remains a holy day for Zoroastrians.[43]
Köküni Parlaryň(Eýran) Zaratuşdyra dininden alyp gaýdýar,Although having Iranian and religious Zoroastrian origins, celebrated for over 3,000 years in Alynky Aziýa, Merkezi Aziýa, Kawkazlarda, Gara deňiz we Balkan ýarymadasy täwereklerinde 3000 ýyldan bäri bellenilip gelinýän baýramçyylyk[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] .Köki Zaratuşdyra dininden gaýtýan bolmagyna garamazdan beýleki dinlerde hem höwes bilen bellenilýän baýramlaryň biri.[43]
Turkmens Türkmenler, Түркменлер Turkmen woman in Bandar Torkaman, Iran Total population c. 6 million[a] Regions with significant populations Turkmenistan 4,248,000[1] Iran 1,328,585[2] Afghanistan 200,000[3] Uzbekistan 152,000[4] Pakistan 110,000[5] Russia 46,885[6] Tajikistan 15,171[7] Ukraine 7,709[8] Languages Turkmen Religion Predominately Sunni Islam Related ethnic groups Salar, Yörük, and other Turkic peoples a. ^ The total figure is merely an estimation; a sum of all the referenced populations.
Turkmens Türkmenler, Түркменлер Turkmens Türkmenler, Түркменлер Jemi ilat sany Şablon:Circa 6 millionŞablon:Ref label Etraplar bilen ilat sanlary Turkmenistan 4,248,000[1] Iran 1,328,585[2] Afghanistan 200,000[3] Uzbekistan 152,000[4] Şablon:Country data Pakistan Pakistan 110,000[5] Şablon:Country data Russia Russia 46,885[6] Şablon:Country data Tajikistan Tajikistan 15,171[7] Şablon:Country data Ukraine Ukraine 7,709[8] Diller TurkmenTurkmen Din köp bölegi Sunni Islam Baglanyşyk etnik milletler Salar, Yörük, we Turkic peoples a. Şablon:Noteemi ilat sany çekmelerdäki ilat sanlarynyň jeminden düzülendir
The Turkmens (Turkmen: Türkmenler, Түркменлер, IPA: [tyɾkmenˈleɾ]) are a nation and Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, primarily the Turkmen nation state of Turkmenistan. Smaller communities are also found in Iran, Afghanistan, North Caucasus (Stavropol Krai), and northern Pakistan.
Türkmenler (Turkmen: Türkmenler, Түркменлер, IPA: [tyɾkmenˈleɾ]) Kategoriýa:Türk halklar we Merkezi Aziýada ýaşaýan ýerli millet, milletiň uly bölegi häzirki Türkmenistanda ýaşaýarlar.
They speak the Turkmen language, which is classified as a part of the Eastern Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages.
Beýleki kiçi bölekleri bolsa Eýranda, Owganystan, Demirgazyk Kawkazlarda we demirgazyk Päkistan töwereklerinde ýaşaýarlar.
Examples of other Oghuz languages are Turkish, Azerbaijani, Qashqai, Gagauz, Khorasani, and Salar.[9]
Olar Türkmen dilinde gürleýärler[9]
Turkmens
Türkmenler
Notes
Belllik
Customs
Egin-eşikleri
1 2 3 Mike Searle (28 March 2013). Colliding Continents: A geological exploration of the Himalaya, Karakoram, and Tibet. OUP Oxford.
1 2 3 Empty citation (help) 1 2 3 Empty citation (help) 1 2 3 Empty citation (help) 1 2 3 4 5 West, Barbara A. (19 May 2010).
ISBN 978-0-19-165249-3. 1 2 3 Camerapix (1998).
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania.
Spectrum Guide to Pakistan.
Infobase Publishing. p. 357.
Interlink Books.
ISBN 9781438119137.
ISBN 978-1-56656-240-9. Nowhere is this more evident than among the pagan Kalash, a non-Islamic community living in the isolated valleys of Chitral whose faith is founded on animism. 1 2 3 Sean Sheehan (1 October 1993).
The Kalasha are a unique people living in just three valleys near Chitral, Pakistan, the capital of North-West Frontier Province, which borders Afghanistan.