↑ "New Economy; At Davos, the Johnny Appleseed of the digital era shares his ambition to propagate a $100 laptop in developing countries". nytimes.com.
↑ Empty citation (help) ↑ "U.N. Lends Backing to the $100 Laptop".
New York Times.
Associated Press.
Retrieved May 17, 2016. ↑ "U.N. Lends Backing to the $100 Laptop".
January 26, 2006.
Associated Press. January 26, 2006. Retrieved January 27, 2006. ↑ Stecklow, Steve (January 4, 2008).
Retrieved January 27, 2006. ↑ Stecklow, Steve (January 4, 2008).
Projects
Imishinga
Council
Urugaga
Official languages
Indimi zikoreshwa
External links
Izindi Mbuga
See also
Kubindi wareba
International Organizations
Imiryango Mpuzamahanga
Professional Organizations
Imiryango y'umwuga
Official Relations
Imibanire izwi
Secretariat
Ubunyamabanga
Membership
Ubunyamuryango
Corporate Partners
Abafatanya Bikorwa
References
Inkomoko
Mission statement
Intego
Publications
Ibyashyizwe ahagaragara
Governance
Ubuyobozi
Educational Resources
Imyigishirize
Academic Centers (WMA Cooperating Centers)
Aho Bigishiriza (WMA Cooperating Centers)
Patients Organisation
Umuryango w'abarwayi
Medical Students
Abanyeshuri biga ubuganga
Regional Medical Organizations
Imiryango y'uturere
General Assembly
Inteko rusange
The World Medical Association (WMA) is an international and independent confederation of free professional medical associations, therefore representing physicians worldwide. WMA was formally established on September 18, 1947[1] and has grown in 2017 to 114 national medical associations[2] [3] and more than 10 million physicians.
Ishyirahamwe ry'Abaganga kw'Isi (WMA) ni inkusanyamashyirahamwe ry'igenga kandi mpuzamahanga y'imiryango y'abaganga b'umwuga mu bihugu bitandukanye, bityo rihagarariye abaganga ku isi yose. ryatangijwe kuwa 18 Nzeri 1947[1] ,rirakura kugeza ku banyamuryango b'ingaga z'abaganga mu bihugu bitandukanye 114 muri 2017[2] [3] ndetse n'Abaganga barenga miliyoni 10.
The WMA provides a forum for its member associations to communicate freely, to co-operate actively, to achieve consensus on high standards of medical ethics and professional competence and to promote the professional freedom of physicians worldwide. With this unique partnership, WMA aims to facilitate high-caliber, humane care to patients in a healthy environment, enhancing the quality of life for all people in the world.
Irishyirahamwe (WMA) ritanga urubuga kubanyamuryango baryo rwo kuvugana bisanzuye, bagakorana, kugirango bagere kumikorere inoze kandi y'ubunyamwuga no kongera ubunyamwuga bw'isanzuye ku baganga ku isi yose. imikoranire, WMA afite intego yo koroshya imikoranire, kwita kubarwayi ndetse ahantu hafite ubuzima, bongera imibereho myiza y'abantu bose ku isi.
The purpose of the WMA is to serve humanity by endeavoring to achieve the highest international standards in Medical Education, Medical Science, Medical Art and Medical Ethics, and Health Care for all people in the world.[4]
Intego ya WMA ni ugukorera inyokumuntu mu guharanira kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myigishirize y'ibijyanye n'ubuvuzi , ubumenyi buhagije kubuvuzi, ubuvuzi bunoze no guhabwa serivisi z'ubuvuzi nziza ku bantu bose ku isi[4]
The WMA was founded on 18 September 1947, when physicians from 27 different countries met at the First General Assembly of the WMA in Paris. This organization was built from an idea born in the House of the British Medical Association in 1945, within a meeting organized in London to initiate plans for an international medical organization to replace l'Association Professionnelle Internationale des Médecins", which had suspended its activities because of World War II.[1]
Irishyirahamwe cg umuryango (WMA) washinzwe ku wa 18 Nzeri 1947, Ubwo abaganga bo mu bihugu 27 bitandukanye bahuye bwa mbere mu nama rusange y'iri shyirahamwe i Paris. uy' umuryango wubatswe hagendeye ku gitekerezo cy'umuryango w'abaganga w'abongereza mu 1945 , mu nama yabereye i London kugirango hatangizwe umuryango mpuzamahanga w'abaganga wazaga gusimbura ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamwuga mpuzamahanga b'abaganga ryari ryahagaritse imirimo yaryo bitewe n'intambara y'isi yose II.[1]
In order to facilitate financial support from its member associations, in 1948, the executive board, known as the Council, established the Secretariat of the WMA in New York City in order to provide close liaison with the United Nations and its various agencies. The WMA Secretariat remained in New York City until 1974 when for reasons of economy, and in order to operate within the vicinity of Geneva-based international organizations (WHO, ILO, ICN, ISSA, etc.) it was transferred to its present location in Ferney-Voltaire, France.
Mu buryo bwo koroshya ubufasha bw'amafaranga buturuka mu b'anyamuryango , mu 1948 , inteko nyobozi yatangije ubunyamabanga bwa WMA mu mujyi wa New York mu buryo bwo koroshya imikoranire n'umuryango wabibumbye ndetse n'ibindi bigo b'iwushamikiyeho. ubunyamabanga bw'iri shyirahamwe WMA bwagumye New york kugeza mu 1974 igihe ku mpamvu z'umutungo no kugirango bakorere hafi ya Geneve nk'umujyi uzwiho kugira imiryango mpuzamahanga myinshi yigenga (WHO,ILO,ICN,ISSA,etc.) bwavuye aho bwari bujyanwa mu bufaransa ahitwa Ferney-voltaire.
The WMA members gathered in an annual meeting, which from 1962 was named "World Medical Assembly."
Abanyamuryango bahuraga mu nama y'umwaka ariyo yaje kwitwa "World Medical Assembly" Inama Rusange 1962.
Since its beginning WMA has shown concern over the state of medical ethics in general and over the world, taking the responsibility for setting ethical guidelines for the world physicians. A modernized wording of the ancient oath of Hippocrates was sent for consideration at the II General Assembly in Geneva in 1948. The medical vow was adopted and the Assembly agreed to name it the "Declaration of Geneva."
Kuva Muntangiriro WMA yagaragaje kwita cyane k'ubuvuzi bunoze muri rusange ndetse no ku isi yose , ikaba nyambere mugushyiraho amabwiriza anoze ku baganga bose bo ku isi. n'isesengura ry'amagambo ari mu ndahiro ya Hippocrates ryaje kwemerwa mu nama rusange ya II mu 1948 i Geneva . inteko rusange yemeje iyo ndahiro ivuguruye bayita "inyandiko y'i Geneve."
Also in the same II General Assembly a report on "War Crimes and Medicine" was received. This prompted the Council to appoint another Study Committee to prepare an International Code of Medical Ethics, which after an extensive discussion, was adopted in 1949 by the III General Assembly.
Nanone mu nama rusange ya II raporo ku "ibyaha by'intamabara n'ubuvuzi" yarakiriwe. ibi byateye inteko gushyiraho akanama kiga kandi kagategura amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi mpuzamahanga ngenderwaho akaba yaraje kwemerwa nyuma yo kuyemeranyaho mu nama rusange III mu 1949.
Even after the adoption of these two documents, WMA was constantly being informed about violations of medical ethics, crimes committed by doctors in time of war, unethical human experimentation, among several other problems in the field of medical ethics and medical law. This information caused the Council to establish a permanent Committee on Medical Ethics in 1952, which has been working actively ever since, as one can see from the declarations or statements of the WMA and their continuous updates.
Na Nyuma yo kwemeza izi nyandiko ebyiri , WMA yakomeje guhabwa amakuru yo kutubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ubuvuzi, ibyaha byakozwe n'abaganga mu bihe by'intambara, kwigira cg gukorera ubushakashatsi ku bantu mu buryo butemewe n'ibindi bibazo bijyanye no kutubahiriza amabwiriza ndetse n;'amategeko agenga umwuga w'ubuvuzi. ibi byateye inteko gushyiraho akanama gahoraho ku bijyanye n'amabwiriza agenga ubuvuzi mu 1952, akanama ariko kakomeje no gukora kuva icyo gihe nkuko ushobora kubibona mu nyandiko z'ishyirahamwe WMA n'amakuru yayo agezweho.
The main decision-making body of the WMA is the General Assembly, which meets annually and is formed by delegations from the National Member Associations, officers and members of the Council of the WMA, and representatives of the Associate Members (Associate Members are individual physicians who wish to join the WMA).
Ni rwo rwego rukuru rufata ibyemezo muri iri shyirahamwe WMA ruhura buri mwaka rugizwe n'abanyamuryango baturutse mu bihugu binyamuryango nabagize ururgaga, abofosiye n'abahagarariye abanyamuryango bigenga (associate members).
The Assembly elects the WMA Council every two years with representatives drawn from each of the six WMA regions, namely Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and the Pacific. It also elects the WMA president annually, who is the Ceremonial Head of the WMA.
Inteko nkuru itora buri mwaya ibiri abagie urugaga baturutse mu turere dutandatu tugize umuryango ku isi ari twoː Afurika, Asiya, Uburayi, Amerika y'abalatino, Amerika y'amajyaruguru na Pasifika. iteko rusange kandi itora umuyobozi (President) buri mwaka, ari we uhagararira umuryango mu nama n'ibirori.
The President, President Elect and Immediate Past President form the Presidium that is available to speak for the WMA and represent it officially.
Umuyobozi utowe nuvuyeho bakora kuburyo ubonetse ariwe uhagararira umuryango.
Every two years, the WMA Council, excluding the Presidium, elects a Chairperson who is the political head of the organization. As Chief Executive of the operational units of the WMA, the Secretary-General is in full-time employment at the Secretariat, appointed by the WMA Council.
Buri myaka ibiri, ururgaga rwa WMA, ukuyemo abayobozi(Presidents) batora uhagararira umuryango mu buryo bwa politiki. nkuhagarariye ibikorwa by'umuryango, umunyamabanga mukuru ari we mukozi uhoraho mu bunyamabanga utorwa n'urugaga.
The WMA Secretariat is situated in Ferney-Voltaire, France, adjacent to the City of Geneva.
Ubunyamabanga bw'ishyirahamwe buherereye in Ferney-Voltaire, France, iruhande n'umujyi wa Geneva.
English, French, and Spanish are the official languages of the association since its creation.
icyongereza, Igifaransa, n'icyesipanyol Unizo mdimi zikoreshwa n'ishyirahamwe kava ryatangira gukora.
Map showing the 112 WMA Constituent Members
ishusho igaragaza abanyamuryango 114
The WMA have the following status of membership:
WMA ifite ibyiciro by'abanyamuryango bikurikira
They range from chambers to orders, from colleges to private associations. Some of these have compulsory membership and some are trade unions. Associate Membership: Applies for Individual physicians that want to join the WMA and who have voting rights at the Annual Associate Members Meeting and the right to participate in the General Assembly through the chosen representatives of the Associate Members.
Abanyamuryango shingiroː ahanini bashingiye kubanyamuryango bamashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi Abanyamuryango bigengaː aba ni abaganga baba abanyamuryango ba WMA bitanyuze mu mashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu byabo , bafite uburenganzira bwo gutora ndetse no kuba mu nama y'inteko rusange binyuze bu bo ubwabo bitoraniriza ngo babahagararire.
See more information on Membership by clicking on the following link (WMA Membership):
Andi makuru y'abanyamuryango ushobora kuyabona ukanzehano (WMA Membership):
The WMA is active in several areas of action,[6] but mainly in:
WMA ikora ku bintu bitandukanye,[6] Ibyigenzi ni:
Advocacy Ethics Health Systems Human Rights Public Health
Ubuvugizi Ubugenzuzi bw'umwuga Inzego z'ubuzima Uburenganzira bwa muntu Ubuzima rusange
In what concerns Ethics, the WMA has various Declarations, Resolutions and Statements with which tries to help to guide National Medical Associations, governments and international organizations throughout the world. A wide range of subjects are covered like the rights of patients, research on human subjects, care of the sick and wounded in times of armed conflict, torture of prisoners, the use and abuse of drugs, family planning and pollution.[7]
Mu bijyanye no kunoza imikorere ,WMA Ifite inyandiko nyinshi n'imyanzuro yemejwe n'inteko rusange byose bigerageza kuha umurongo amashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu imbere, leta zitandukanye ndetse n'imiryango ku isi yose. ingingo nyinshi zizweho nk'uburenganzira bw'abarwayi, ubushakashatsi ku bantu , kwita kubarwayi n'inkomere mu bihe by'amakimbirane, itotezwa ry'imfungwa, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, kubomeza urubyaro no guhumana kw'ikirere.[7]
WMA also works on:
WMA ikora no kuri ibi bikurikira:
Medical education Human resources planning for health care services Patient safety Leadership and career development Advocacy for physicians' and patients' rights Occupational health and safety Democracy building for new medical associations Public health policy Projects such as tobacco control and immunization
Uburezi bujyanye n'ubuvuzi Gutegura abazakora mu bijyanye na serivisi z'ubuzima Ubwirinzi bw'abarwayi Imiyoborere no guteza imbere umwuga Ubuvugizi ku baganga n'uburenganzira bw'abarwayi Ubuzima n'ubwirinzi mu kazi Demokarasi mu mashyirahamwe mashya y'abaganga Amabwiriza y'ubuzima bw'abaturange Imishinga nk'iyo kugabanya itabi n'y'inkingo
The WMA also works on Education Programs such as the prison-medicine course, the MDR-TB and the TB refresher course, the ethics course and the course on microbial resistance (together with the George Mason University and the International Society for Microbial Resistance).
WMA ukora kandi kuri gahunda z'uburezi nka "prison medicine course"(kwigisha abagororwa kubijyanye nimiti), amasomo kubijyanye n'igituntu kigikatu, ethics course on microbial resistance bafatanyije na kaminuza ya George Mason na International Society for Microbial Resistance