Elazar Menachem Man Shach (Hebrew: אלעזר מנחם מן שך, Elazar Shach; January 1, 1899 O.S. – November 2, 2001) was a prominent ultra-Orthodox rabbi, heading the non-Hasidic Litvak Orthodox from the early 1970s until his death.
Elazar Menachem Man Shach ( Hebrew : אלעזר מנחם מן שך , Elazar Shach ; January 1 , 1899 O .S . – November 2 , 2001 ) was a prominent ultra - Orthodox rabbi , heading the non - Hasidic Litvak Orthodox from the early 1970s until his death .
He served as chair of the Council of Sages, and as one of three co-deans of the Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak, along with Shmuel Rozovsky and Dovid Povarsky.
He served as chair of the Council of Sages, and as one of three co-deans of the Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak , along with Shmuel Rozovsky and Dovid Povarsky .
Due to his differences with the Hasidic leadership of the Agudat Yisrael political party, he allied with Ovadia Yosef, with whom he founded the Shas party in 1984.
Due to his differences with the Hasidic leadership of the Agudat Yisrael political party , he allied with Ovadia Yosef , with whom he founded the Shas party in 1984 .
Later, in 1988, Shach sharply criticized Ovadia Yosef, saying that, "Sepharadim are not yet ready for leadership positions",[1] and subsequently founded the Degel HaTorah political party representing the Litvaks in the Israeli Knesset.
Later, in 1988 , Shach sharply criticized Ovadia Yosef , saying that , " Sepharadim are not yet ready for leadership positions " ,[1] and subsequently founded the Degel HaTorah political party representing the Litvaks in the Israeli Knesset .
Shach taught that the Holocaust was a divine punishment for the sins of the Jewish people, and for the abandoning of religious observance for the enlightenment.[27] He caused outrage in the secular Israeli media when he stated that "the Holy One, blessed be He, kept score for hundreds of years until it added up to six million Jews".[28][29] In his defence, Haredi MKs said his comments had been misconstrued, and were not meant to justify Nazi atrocities.[30] Shach believed that the secularism of some Israelis would cause another Holocaust,[31] and he once said that if the Education Ministry were to be placed in the hands of Meretz MK Shulamit Aloni, it would result in "over a million Israeli children being forced into apostasy, and that would be worse than what had happened to Jewish children during the Holocaust".[32] Wishing to prevent deviation from the established order of prayers, he opposed the composition of new prayers to commemorate the victims of the Holocaust.[33]
Shach taught that the Holocaust was a divine punishment for the sins of the Jewish people, and for the abandoning of religious observance for the enlightenment.[1] He caused outrage in the secular Israeli media when he stated that "the Holy One, blessed be He, kept score for hundreds of years until it added up to six million Jews".[2][3] In his defence, Haredi MKs said his comments had been misconstrued, and were not meant to justify Nazi atrocities.[4] Shach believed that the secularism of some Israelis would cause another Holocaust,[5] and he once said that if the Education Ministry were to be placed in the hands of Meretz MK Shulamit Aloni, it would result in "over a million Israeli children being forced into apostasy, and that would be worse than what had happened to Jewish children during the Holocaust".[6] Wishing to prevent deviation from the established order of prayers, he opposed the composition of new prayers to commemorate the victims of the Holocaust.[7]
Shach supported the withdrawal from land under Israeli control, basing it upon the halakhic principle of pikuach nefesh ("[the] saving [of a] life"), in which the preservation of lives takes precedence over nearly all other obligations in the Torah, including those pertaining to the sanctity of land,[39] though Shach's position was later questioned by Shmuel Tuvia Stern, who wondered why Shach hadn't provided halakhic references supporting his opinion.[40] Shach also criticized Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as "a blatant attempt to provoke the international community",[41] and called on Haredi Jews to avoid moving to such communities.
Shach supported the withdrawal from land under Israeli control, basing it upon the halakhic principle of pikuach nefesh ("[the] saving [of a] life"), in which the preservation of lives takes precedence over nearly all other obligations in the Torah, including those pertaining to the sanctity of land,[1] though Shach's position was later questioned by Shmuel Tuvia Stern, who wondered why Shach hadn't provided halakhic references supporting his opinion.[2] Shach also criticized Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as "a blatant attempt to provoke the international community",[3] and called on Haredi Jews to avoid moving to such communities.
Shach often said that for true peace, it was "permitted and necessary to compromise on even half of the Land of Israel", and wrote that, "It is forbidden for the Israeli government to be stubborn about these things, as this will add fuel to the fire of anti-Semitism".[42] When Yitzchak Hutner was asked to support this position, he refused, saying that, "agreement to other-than-biblical borders was tantamount to denial of the entire Torah".[43]
Shach often said that for true peace, it was "permitted and necessary to compromise on even half of the Land of Israel", and wrote that, "It is forbidden for the Israeli government to be stubborn about these things, as this will add fuel to the fire of anti-Semitism".[4] When Yitzchak Hutner was asked to support this position, he refused, saying that, "agreement to other-than-biblical borders was tantamount to denial of the entire Torah".[5]
His funeral in Bnei Brak was attended by up to 400,000 people.[65][66] PM Ariel Sharon said: "There is no doubt that we have lost an important person who made his mark over many years."[67] Chief Rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau said Shach's most important contribution were his efforts in restoring Jewish scholarship after the Holocaust.[68] Haaretz described him as "an ideologue", and "a zealot who repeatedly led his followers into ideological battles".[5] David Landau wrote that his "uniqueness lay in the authority he wielded", and that "perhaps not since the Gaon Elijah of Vilna, who lived in the latter part of the 18th century, has there been a rabbinical figure of such unchallenged power over the Orthodox world".[69] Avi Shafran of Agudath Israel of America said: "His pronouncements and his talks when he was active would regularly capture the rapt attention of the entire Orthodox world."[69] A dispute subsequently arose as to whether Yosef Shalom Eliashiv or Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman should succeed him.[70] The towns of Bnei Brak and Beitar Illit have streets named after him.
His funeral in Bnei Brak was attended by up to 400,000 people.[1][2] PM Ariel Sharon said: "There is no doubt that we have lost an important person who made his mark over many years."[3] Chief Rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau said Shach's most important contribution were his efforts in restoring Jewish scholarship after the Holocaust.[4] Haaretz described him as "an ideologue", and "a zealot who repeatedly led his followers into ideological battles".[5] David Landau wrote that his "uniqueness lay in the authority he wielded", and that "perhaps not since the Gaon Elijah of Vilna, who lived in the latter part of the 18th century, has there been a rabbinical figure of such unchallenged power over the Orthodox world".[6] Avi Shafran of Agudath Israel of America said: "His pronouncements and his talks when he was active would regularly capture the rapt attention of the entire Orthodox world."[6] A dispute subsequently arose as to whether Yosef Shalom Eliashiv or Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman should succeed him.[7] The towns of Bnei Brak and Beitar Illit have streets named after him.
41 ↑ Also known as Rav Itzele Ponovezer. ↑ Englander, Yakir Yacov (19 Aug 2015). "The "Jewish Knight" of Slobodka honor culture and the image of the body in an Orthodox Jewish context". Religion.
↑ 'Haaretz' daily newspaper, Shachar Ilan, November 2, 2001 ↑ Jerome Mintz (August 19, 1998).
Taylor and Francis. 46 2016 (2): 186–208. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2015.1061064. S2CID 147305135.
"Notes to Page 48-52".
My shoes were too small for my feet, and my toes protruded from them; I had no towels for washing; my hair, uncut for a whole year and a half, stuck together in long strands, absent any norm of human hygiene. My trousers were torn, and the scrapes on my legs were exposed, so that I was obliged to reverse the trousers, to make the rip less obvious, and to wear them like that ↑ Kamenetzky, Mordechai (February 2002). "A Biographical Appreiciation" (PDF).
Hasidic People.
XXXV (2) (February 2002): 6–15. ↑ Harav Schach: Shehamafteach B'yado by Moshe Horovitz. Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem. 1989. page 56 ↑ HaRav Schach: Shehamafteach B'yado by Moshe Horovitz.
Harvard University Press. p. 377. पटिरूप:Citation/identifier. https://books.google.com/books?id=uEP5KNUAFh0C&pg=PA377.
Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem. 1989. page 60 ↑ Path to Greatness – The Life of Maran Harav Elazar Menachem Man Shach, Vol I: Vaboilnik to Bnei Brak (1899–1953) – pg. 262 ↑ In Their Shadow: Wisdom and Guidance of the Gedolim Volume One: Chazon Ish, Brisker Rav, Rav Shach pg.
"Schach has maintained that the Holocaust was the result of God's anger toward the Jews for their failure to abide by the mitzvot, and their falling under the spell of the enlightenment." ↑ Chaim Miller.
Orthodoxy Awakens: The Belkin Era and Yeshiva University. Jerusalem, Israel: Urim Publications. pp. 161–162. ISBN 965-7108-47-0. ↑ Encyclopedia Judaica – Macmillan Reference USA; Second edition (2006) ↑ Brinkley, Joel (March 27, 1990).
Turning Judaism Outward: A Biography of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson the Seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe.
Ynet. ↑ The Legacy Of Maran Rav Aharon Kotler by Yitzchok Dershowitz, Feldheim Publishers (2006) – pg. 137. https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=50717&st=&pgnum=180 1 2 PONOVEZER ROSH HAYESHIVA RAV ELAZAR MENACHEM MAN SHACH, ZT"L (1894–2001) The Jewish Press – Saturday, December 08 2001 – by Rabbi Gershon Tannenbaum with Rabbi Yaakov Klass ↑ "MERIA: Rabbi Ovadia Yosef and His Culture War in Israel". ↑ "כך נעלמה המתיחות ההיסטורית עם חב"ד". ↑ Davar – 02/10/1988 – pg. 3 – Noach Zvuluny - http://www.ranaz.co.il/articles/article2971_19881002.asp ↑ Reich, Bernard; Kieval, Gershon R. (1993).
Kol Menachem. p. 392. पटिरूप:Citation/identifier.
Israel, Land of Tradition and Conflict. Westview Press. ↑ 'Haaretz', Shachar Ilan, November 2, 2001 ↑ Los Angeles Times – November 3, 2001, from the Associated Press. ↑ Yair Sheleg: Chabad's Lost Son Ha'aretz, December 26, 2002. 1 2 'Haaretz' November 2, 2001 "Rabbi Shach – a man of wars and battles" ↑ http://www.nrg.co.il/online/11/ART/936/156.html and The Man of Vision: The Orthodox Ideology of Rabbi Shach (Ish HaHashkafah: HaIdeologia HaHaredit al pi HaRav Shach) by Avishay Ben Haim, pg.
"In December 1990, the Israeli media was outraged after Shach declared the Holocaust as "definitely a punishment.
(Haaretz) September 28, 2006. ↑ Jerome Mintz (August 19, 1998). "Notes to Page 48-52". Hasidic People.
The Holy One, Blessed Be He, kept score for hundreds of years until it added up to six million Jews."
Harvard University Press. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-674-04109-7. Schach has maintained that the Holocaust was the result of God's anger toward the Jews for their failure to abide by the mitzvot, and their falling under the spell of the enlightenment. ↑ Chaim Miller (2014).
Convinced that G-d has enacted retribution on sinful Jews for violating the Sabbath and eating pork..." ↑ Yated Neeman 29/12/90.
Turning Judaism Outward: A Biography of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson the Seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe. Kol Menachem. p. 392. ISBN 978-1-934152-36-2.
Mussar Iru'ay HaTekufah (מוסר אירועי התקופה) (2011). pg.
In December 1990, the Israeli media was outraged after Shach declared the Holocaust as "definitely a punishment. The Holy One, Blessed Be He, kept score for hundreds of years until it added up to six million Jews." Convinced that G-d has enacted retribution on sinful Jews for violating the Sabbath and eating pork... ↑ Yated Neeman 29/12/90.
36 ↑ Ami Ayalon (December 30, 1993).
Mussar Iru'ay HaTekufah (מוסר אירועי התקופה) (2011). pg. 36 ↑ Ami Ayalon (December 30, 1993). Middle East Contemporary Survey, Volume Xv: 1991.
Middle East Contemporary Survey, Volume Xv: 1991.
One such instance, early in the year, was when 93-year-old Rabbi Eliezer Schach, spiritual leader of Israel's Orthodox "Haredi" community, declared that the Holocaust had occurred only because Jews had failed to adhere to the commandments of the Torah, and predicted that if Israel's Jews, under their secular leadership, were to persist in ignoring the dictates of the Bible, a further holocaust was likely to befall them. This statement, aroused an uproar of protest among the secular community. Labor MK Shevah Weiss, a Holocaust survivor, accused Shach of suggesting that Hitler and his Nazi followers, who had so brutally slaughtered the Jewish people, had acted as emissaries of the Almighty.
The Moshe Dayan Center. p. 467. पटिरूप:Citation/identifier.
During the bitter parliamentary debate which ensued, Haredi MKs defended the rabbi's statement by claiming that by virtue of its ignorance, the secular community had incorrectly interpreted their leader's statement, which had only sought to explain that Judaism provides both reward and punishment. Was it even conceivable, asked Rabbi Schach's defenders, that, having lost his own family in the Holocaust, he would justify the Nazis' deeds? ↑ David Landau (1993). Piety and Power: The World of Jewish Fundamentalism.
"One such instance, early in the year, was when 93-year-old Rabbi Eliezer Schach, spiritual leader of Israel's Orthodox "Haredi" community, declared that the Holocaust had occurred only because Jews had failed to adhere to the commandments of the Torah, and predicted that if Israel's Jews, under their secular leadership, were to persist in ignoring the dictates of the Bible, a further holocaust was likely to befall them.
ISBN 978-0-436-24156-7. It was in this context that Rabbi Shach fired off one of his controversial broadsides in December 1990: "Another Holocaust could befall us tomorrow", he warned, because of the secularism of Israel society. "Remember what an old Jew is telling you.
This statement, aroused an uproar of protest among the secular community.
And one day, his patience runs out, as it ran out then, when six million died." ↑ Mordecai Richler (1994). This Year in Jerusalem. Chatto & Windus. p. 73.
Labor MK Shevah Weiss, a Holocaust survivor, accused Shach of suggesting that Hitler and his Nazi followers, who had so brutally slaughtered the Jewish people, had acted as emissaries of the Almighty.
Ms. Aloni's assumption of that portfolio, said Schach, would result in over a million Israeli children being forced into apostasy, and that was worse than what had happened to Jewish children during the Holocaust. ↑ Arye Edrei (2007). "Holocaust Memorial". In Doron Mendels (ed.).
During the bitter parliamentary debate which ensued, Haredi MKs defended the rabbi's statement by claiming that by virtue of its ignorance, the secular community had incorrectly interpreted their leader's statement, which had only sought to explain that Judaism provides both reward and punishment.
Rabbi Shach also gave explicit expression to this view in strongly opposing the recitation of elegies for the Holocaust on the ninth of Av: "This constitutes a breaking of boundaries and provides a precedent for those who wish to restructure and reform to utilize for justifying further reforms." ↑ The Jewish Week, May 29, 1998 'From Yeshiva To Army' ↑ Israel and the Politics of Jewish Identity: The Secular-Religious Impasse by Asher Cohen and Bernard Susser. The Johns Hopkins University Press (May 24, 2000) - pg. 83 ↑ Israel and the Politics of Jewish Identity: The Secular-Religious Impasse by Asher Cohen and Bernard Susser (May 24, 2000) – note 19 on page 148 ↑ The Jewish Press - Secular Fear of Haredim Drove Court's Rule on Service Deferments, by Yori Yanover - February 22nd, 2012 - http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/secular-fear-of-haredim-drove-courts-rule-on-service-deferments/ ↑ "Is the IDF's Netzach Yehuda a Success?".
Was it even conceivable, asked Rabbi Schach's defenders, that, having lost his own family in the Holocaust, he would justify the Nazis' deeds?" ↑ David Landau.
13 May 2010. ↑ See Mictavim Umaamarim Volume 1: Letter 6 ↑ Shmuel Tuvia Stern 'Shaalot uTeshuvot HaShabit' vol.7 ↑ Greenberg, Joel (3 November 2001). "Rabbi Eliezer Schach, 103; Leader of Orthodox in Israel". The New York Times. ↑ The Rebbe of Lubavitch: Death of a leader, Kobi Bleich, page 3, Maariv, June 13, 1994 ↑ Shlomo Lorincz in 'Miluei Shlomo' pages 296-297, Feldheim publishing, Jerusalem ↑ The Rebbe of Lubavitch: Death of a leader, Kobi Bleich, page 2, Maariv, June 13, 1994 ↑ See Mechtavim v'Ma'amorim [Letters and Speeches of Rabbi Shach in Hebrew.
Piety and Power: The World of Jewish Fundamentalism.
Bnei Brak, Israel. 03-574-5006]: Volume 1, Letter 6 (page 15), Letter 8 (page 19). Volume 3, Statements on pages 100–101, Letter on page 102.
Secker & Warburg. p. 143. पटिरूप:Citation/identifier.
Volume 4, letter 349(page 69), letter 351 (page 71). Volume 5, letter 533 (page 137), letter 535 (page 139), speech 569 (page 173), statement 570 (page 174). See also here: "על המסיתים להתגרות באומות ועל לשונות העוקרים את ה"אני מאמין" בביאת המשיח" (PDF) (in Hebrew).
"It was in this context that Rabbi Shach fired off one of his controversial broadsides in December 1990: "Another Holocaust could befall us tomorrow", he warned, because of the secularism of Israel society.
Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2009-03-05. ↑ Independent, The (London), November 10, 2001, by David Landau. ↑ Briton Hadden (1992). Time.
"Remember what an old Jew is telling you.
9-17. Vol. 139. Time Incorporated. p. 42.
God is patient.
Eliezer Schach, one of Israel's leading Orthodox rabbis, has publicly called Schneerson "insane", an "infidel", and "a false Messiah". The local papers carried Schach's outrageous charge that Schneerson's followers are "eaters of trayf", food such as pork that is forbidden to Jews. 1 2 Faith and Fate: The Story of the Jewish People in the 20th century, Berel Wein, 2001 by Shaar Press. pg.
But he keeps a tally.
340 ↑ "A Historian's Polemic Against 'The Madness of False Messianism'" By Allan Nadler. See also "Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco" By Peter Schäfer, Mark R. Cohen. 1998. pg.
And one day, his patience runs out, as it ran out then, when six million died."" ↑ Mordecai Richler.
404, footnote 56. https://books.google.com/books?id=AT8GF9EciLEC. See also Michtavim U'maamarim [5:569 (173)]. See also Jerusalem Post, Jan 31, 1993: "Schach says Schneerson is a False Messiah" ↑ Summer of the Messiah (Jerusalem Report) February 14, 2001. ↑ The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference by David Berger, 2001, published by the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization of Portland.
This Year in Jerusalem.
Rabbi Shach objected to Chabad outreach campaigns such as Neshek (Shabbat candles), Tefilin, Rambam study, children's parades on Lag B'Omer, and the Noahide Laws. ↑ The Messiah of Brooklyn: Understanding Lubavitch Hasidim Past and Present, M. Avrum Ehrlich, Chapter 10, notes, KTAV Publishing, ISBN 0-88125-836-9 ↑ Shlomo Lorincz (August 9, 2006). HaRav Shach's Battle Against False Messianism, Dei'ah Vedibur. ↑ Letter of Shach – Michtavim U-Ma’amarim, 4:320:page 36 ↑ Speech of Shach (transcribed by a listener) – Michtavim U-Ma’amarim, 4:370:page 107 ↑ Friedman, Menachem jcpa.org/jl/vp104.htm ↑ Michtavim U-Ma'amarim. vol. 4 pp. 67 ↑ Davar – 4/08/1989 – pg.
Chatto & Windus. p. 73. पटिरूप:Citation/identifier.
3 – Noach Zvuluny (Can be read online here :"3 ספרי הרב שטיינזלץ טעונים גניזה - כדברי מינות וכפירה [04/08/1989] - נח זבולוני - רנ"ז - מאמרים". Archived from the original on 2013-10-07. Retrieved 2012-12-30.) ↑ Michtavim Umamarim Vol.
"Ms. Aloni's assumption of that portfolio, said Schach, would result in over a million Israeli children being forced into apostasy, and that was worse than what had happened to Jewish children during the Holocaust." ↑ Arye Edrei.
4 No. 319 ↑ Michtavim Umamarim vols. 1–2, p. 109, and letter no.
"Holocaust Memorial".
See also Jerusalem Post – Mar 4, 1992 – Schach's Attacks "Meant Only for Lubavitchers, Not All Hasidim" ↑ Michtavim U'Maamaromim 5:534 (pg. 138). See also Shach's letters quoted in Yeshurun Vol.
On Memory: An Interdisciplinary Approach.
932 - http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=21194&st=&pgnum=932 ↑ Dos Yiddishe Vort- #368 – 5762 – pg. 11 - http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=50175&st=&pgnum=11 ↑ David Landau (November 3, 2001). "400,000 mourn elderly rabbi who shaped Israeli politics".
Peter Lang. p. 51. पटिरूप:Citation/identifier. https://books.google.com/books?id=zBE_q09a5mgC&pg=PA51.
Although it is difficult to estimate how many people attended the funeral, the number could have been in the hundreds of thousands (especially considering that some 300,000 attended the funeral of Rabbi Shlomo-Zalman Auerbach seven years ago). ↑ https://archive.today/20120529194409/http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Archive/Cabinet/2001/11/Spokesman4356.htm "Document: Cabinet communication dropping all previous conditions for withdrawal from Area A". Archived from the original on 2005-03-02. Retrieved 2013-03-11. ↑ "Influential Israeli rabbi dies at 103".
"Rabbi Shach also gave explicit expression to this view in strongly opposing the recitation of elegies for the Holocaust on the ninth of Av: "This constitutes a breaking of boundaries and provides a precedent for those who wish to restructure and reform to utilize for justifying further reforms."" ↑ See Mictavim Umaamarim Volume 1: Letter 6 ↑ Shmuel Tuvia Stern 'Shaalot uTeshuvot HaShabit' vol.7 ↑ ↑ The Rebbe of Lubavitch: Death of a leader, Kobi Bleich, page 3, Maariv, June 13, 1994 ↑ Shlomo Lorincz in 'Miluei Shlomo' pages 296-297, Feldheim publishing, Jerusalem ↑ ↑ ↑ https://archive.today/20120529194409/http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Archive/Cabinet/2001/11/Spokesman4356.htm "Document: Cabinet communication dropping all previous conditions for withdrawal from Area A". ↑ ↑ 'Haaretz' November 2, 2001 "Rabbi Shach – a man of wars and battles" 1 2 ↑ Fred Skolnik.
BBC. November 2, 2001. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
Encyclopaedia Judaica.
1 2 David Landau; Julie Wiener (November 2, 2001). "Rabbi Shach, giant of fervently Orthodox Jewry, dies". JTA.
Macmillan Reference USA. p. 289. पटिरूप:Citation/identifier.
Retrieved May 26, 2020. ↑ Fred Skolnik; Michael Berenbaum (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 289.
"Shach's death in 2001 left a void.
ISBN 978-0-02-865949-7. Shach's death in 2001 left a void. The dispute over whether Rabbi Elyashiv or Rabbi Steineman would become Shach's recognized successor was also played out in Yated Neeman.
The dispute over whether Rabbi Elyashiv or Rabbi Steineman would become Shach's recognized successor was also played out in Yated Neeman.
The editors became divided, with the daily edition, edited by Grossman, identifying with Rabbi Elyashiv and the Sabbath edition identifying with Rabbi Steineman. ↑ https://www.srugim.co.il/14570- [dead link]
The editors became divided, with the daily edition, edited by Grossman, identifying with Rabbi Elyashiv and the Sabbath edition identifying with Rabbi Steineman."