Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton MBE (born 7 January 1985) is a British racing driver who races in Formula One for Mercedes AMG Petronas.
Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton MBE (geboaren 7 january 1985) is nen britsk autokoureur den rydt in de Formule Eyn vöär Mercedes AMG Petronas.
A four-time Formula One World Champion, he is often considered the best driver of his generation and widely regarded as one of the greatest drivers in the history of the sport.[note 1] He won his first World Championship title with McLaren in 2008, then moved to Mercedes where he won back-to-back titles in 2014 and 2015 before winning his fourth title in 2017.
Synde nen veermålig Formule Eyn werldkampioon, wördt hy våke beskowd as den besten koureur van syn generatsy en wyd esen as eyn van de gröytste koureurs in de geskydenis van den sport.[note 1] Hy wön syne eyrste werldkampioonskapstitel med McLaren in 2008, dårnå verhuusen hy når Mercedes, wår hy twey titels achter mekare wön in 2014 en 2015 vöär et winnen van syne veerde titel in 2017.
Statistically the most successful British driver in the history of the sport, Hamilton has more World Championship titles (4) and more race victories (70) than any other British driver in Formula One.
As statistisk den suksesvülsten britsken koureur in de geskydenis van den sport, hevt Hamilton meyr werldkampioonskapstitels (4) en meyr raceoaverwinningen (70) as eynig ander britsk koureur in de Formule Eyn.
He also holds records for the all-time most career points (2,916), the most wins at different circuits (26), the all-time most pole positions (79) and the most grand slams in a season (3).[note 2]
Hy hevt ok de rekords vöär de meyste karierrepunten allertyden (2,916), oaverwinningen up et höygste antal verskillende circuits (26), de meyste pole positions allertyden (79) en de meyste grand slams in eyn seisuun (3).[note 2]
Born and raised in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, Hamilton's interest in racing started when his father bought him a radio-controlled car when he was six.
Terwyl hy geboaren wyr en upegröien in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, begön Hamiltons interesse in et racen doo syn våder hem nen radiografisk bestüürbåren auto köchten as hy sesse waren.
He was signed to McLaren's young driver support programme in 1998, after he approached McLaren team principal Ron Dennis at an awards ceremony three years earlier and said "one day I want to be racing your cars".
Hy teakenden by McLarens young driver support programme in 1998, nådat hy McLaren teambaas Ron Dennis benaderen by nen uutreikingsceremony dree jår dårvöär en sei "up nen dag wül ik in ow wågens ryden".
After winning the British Formula Renault, Formula 3 Euro Series, and GP2 championships on his way up the racing career ladder, he made his Formula One debut twelve years after his initial encounter with Dennis, driving for McLaren in 2007.
Nå et winnen van de britske Formule Renault, Formule 3 Euro Series en GP2 kampioonskappen, underweg ümhoog up de racekarrierelere, maken hy twålv jår nå syn eyrste üntmooting med Dennis syn Formule Eyn-debuut vöär McLaren in 2007.
Coming from a mixed background, with a black father and white mother, Hamilton is the first and only black driver to race in Formula One.[note 3]
Ümdat hy van nen emengeden achtergrund kümt, med nen swarten våder en ne witte moder, is Hamilton den eyrsten en eynigen swarten koureur den in de Formule Eyn rydt.[note 3]
In his first season in Formula One, Hamilton set numerous records as he finished runner-up in the 2007 season to Kimi Räikkönen by just one point, including those for the most consecutive podium finishes from debut (9), the joint most wins in a debut season (4) and the most points in a debut season (109).
In syn eyrsten seisuun in de Formule Eyn, halen Hamilton verskydene rekords as hy tweyds endigen in et seisuun 2007 achter Kimi Räikkönen med precys eyn punt verskil, inklusiv dy vöär de meyste podiumfinishes up ne rye van nen debuut (9), de edeald meyste oaverwinningen in nen debuutseisuun (4) en de meyste punten in nen debuutseisuun (109).
The following season, he won his first title in dramatic fashion; on the last corner of the last lap in the last race of the season, becoming the then-youngest Formula One World Champion in history.
Et völgenden seisuun, wön hy syne eyrste titel up dramatiske wyse; in den låtsten hook van de låtste runde in de låtste race van et seisuun, wårdöär hy den toonmålig jüngsten Formule Eyn werldkampioon in de geskydenis wyr.
After four more years with McLaren without finishing higher than fourth in the drivers' standings, Hamilton signed with Mercedes in 2013, reuniting with his childhood karting teammate, Nico Rosberg.
Nå noch veer jår by McLaren sünder noch höyger as veerdes in de individuele standen too endigen, teakenen Hamilton by Mercedes in 2013, sich hereynigend med synen kartteammåt uut synen jöögd, Nico Rosberg.
In his first season, he finished 4th once again, the third time in five years.
In syn eyrsten seisuun, endigen hy wederüm veerdes, de darde mål in vyv jår.
Two successful seasons followed as Hamilton won his second and third titles.
Twey suksesvülle seisuunen völgen as Hamilton syne tweyde en darde titel wön.
Hamilton won 11 races in 2014, in a closely fought championship battle with Nico Rosberg, decided in the final race of the season, where Hamilton took victory to secure his second World Championship title.
Hamilton wön 11 races in 2014, in nen swår bevöchten kampioonskapsgevecht med Nico Rosberg, beslist in de låtste race van et seisoon, wår Hamilton den oaverwinning behalen üm sich van syne tweyde werldkampioonskapstitel too verseakeren.
The next season saw Hamilton seal his third World Championship title with three races remaining, in a season where he finished on the podium a record 17 times and matched his hero Ayrton Senna's three World Championships.
Et seisuun dårnå stellen Hamilton syne darde werldtitel veilig med dree races too gån, in nen seisuun wårin hy nen rekordantal van 17 mål up et podium endigen en kwam hy med dree wereldkampioonskappen up gelyke höygte med syn held Ayrton Senna.
After finishing runner-up to Nico Rosberg in 2016, Hamilton won his fourth title in 2017, joining Juan Manuel Fangio, Michael Schumacher, Alain Prost and Sebastian Vettel as drivers with four or more World Championship titles.
Nådat hy tweyds endigen achter Nico Rosberg in 2016, wön Hamilton in 2017 syne veerde werldtitel en kwam hy nevven Juan Manuel Fangio, Michael Schumacher, Alain Prost en Sebastian Vettel in et rytjen koureurs med veer ov meyr werldkampioonskapstitels.
Lewis Hamilton
Gebruker:Roerdinkholder/Lewis Hamilton
Gutnish (US: /ˈɡuːtnɪʃ/ GOOT-nish),[4] Gotlandic, or rarely Gutnic[4] (Swedish: gotländska, gutniska or gutamål), refers to the dialects spoken on the islands of Gotland and Fårö.[5] The dialects, while stemming from the Old Gutnish (Swedish: Forngutniska) variety of Old Norse, are sometimes considered part of modern Swedish.
Gotlandsk of gutnisk (sweedsk: gotländska, gutniska of gutamål) verwist nå de dialeken dee up de eilanden van Gotland en Fårö espröäken wörden.[2] De dialekten, howel se van de oldgotlandske varieteit van et oldnoorsk stammen, wörden sumtyds as deyl van de sweedske språke eseen.
Gutnish exists in two variants, Mainland Gotlandic (Swedish: Laumål), mostly spoken in the southern portion of Gotland, and Faroymal (Swedish: Fårömål), spoken on parts of the island of Fårö.
Der binnen twey varianten van et gotlandsk, vastelandgotlandsk (sweedsk: laumål), vöärnamelik espröäken in et südelike gedeylde van Gotland, en faroymal (sweedsk: fårömål), espröäken up deylen van et eiland Fårö.
UNESCO defines Gutnish as a "definitely endangered language" as of 2010.[6]
UNESCO definieert gotlandsk per 2010 as een "bedreigde språke".[3]
The Gutamålsgillet association, which has been working for the preservation and revitalization of Gotlandic since 1945, estimates that Gotlandic is spoken today by 2,000 to 5,000 people.[1] How many are still passive, is not specified.
De Gutamålsgillet, dee sik inset vöär et behold en de revitalisering van et gotlandsk sinds 1945, skat dat et gotlandsk vandage de dag döär so'n 2.000 tot 5.000 lüde espröäken wördt. Hovöäle dårvan passive kennis hebben, steyt neet vermelded.
However, an interest in Gotlandic seems to be present: From 1989 to 2011, the radio show Gutamål ran in Radio Gotland,[9] which regularly reached about 15,000 to 20,000 listeners,[10] and in 2008 Gotland University offered their first course in Gotlandic.
Interesse in et gotlandsk is der wel: van 1989 tot 2011 wördde et radioprogramma Gutamål up Radio Gotland üütesünden,[2] et had regelmåtig rund de 15.000 tot 20.000 lüüsteraars,[3] en in 2008 böyd Campus Gotland syn eyrste kursus gotlandsk an.
Gutamålsgillet collects writings of authors and poets who write their texts in Gotlandic, and maintains a Swedish-Gotlandic dictionary and an ever-growing list of Gotlandic neologisms.
Gutamålsgillet versamelt teksten van skryvers en dichters dee höär teksten in et gotlandsk skryven, en beedt een sweedsk-gotlandsk woordebook en een noch altyd groiende lyste mid gotlandske neologismen (nyformingen).
Examples
Vöärbealden
Gustaf Larsson[11]
Gustaf Larsson[1]
Nach P.A. Säve[12]
Nach P.A. Säve[1]
References
Referensys
External links
Üütgånde verwysing
Official site of the Modern Gutnish Guild
Officiele websteade van de gutamålsgillet (gutniske gilde)
Some features of Gutnish include the preservation of Old Norse diphthongs like ai in for instance stain (Swedish sten, English stone) and oy in for example doy (Swedish dö, English die).
Enkele kenmarken van et gotlandsk binnen et behold van oldnoorske tweyklanken as ai so as et geval is in stain (sweedsk: sten, sassisk: steyn) en oy in byvöärbeald doy (sweedsk: dö, sassisk: starven).
There is also a triphthong that exists in no other Norse languages: iau as in skiaute/skiauta (Swedish skjuta, English shoot).
Et gotlandsk hevt ouk een dreeklank dee in geen enkele andere noorske språke besteyt: iau so as in et woord skiaute/skiauta (sweedsk: skjuta, English: sketen).
Most Gotlanders can understand Gutnish, but tend to speak Swedish, as contemporary Gutnish, due to long mutual exposure, is much closer to Swedish than Old Swedish and Old Gutnish were to each other.
De meyste gotlanders künnen gotlandsk begrypen, mär spreaken meystentyds sweedsk, ümdat et hüdige gotlandsk, vanweagen de lange weadersydse bloutstelling, korter by et sweedsk steyt as et oldsweedsk by et oldgotlandsk.
There are major efforts to revive the traditional version of Modern Gutnish, and Gutamålsgillet (the Gutnish Language Guild) is organizing classes and meetings for speakers of traditional Gutnish.
Der binnen seriöse pougingen edån üm de traditionele versy van et moderne gotlandsk ny leaven in te blasen, en de Gutamålsgillet (de gotlandske språkgilde) organiseert lessen en byeynkumsten vöär spreakers van traditioneel gotlandsk.
According to the guild's webpage, there are now 1500 people using Gutnish on Facebook.[7]
Volgens de websteade van de gilde binnen der nun 1500 lüde dee gotlandsk up Facebook gebrüken.[1]
Lexicon
Woordeskat
Gotlandic has many words of its own that make it different from Swedish. Here is a small selection of Gotlandic's everyday vocabulary:[8]
Hyrunder een klein antal woorden üüt et alledaagse språkgebrüük:[1]
Gutnish Swedish German English päiku flickan das Mädchen the girl / maiden sårken pojken der Junge / Knabe the boy russe hästen das Ross the horse rabbis kanin Kaninchen rabbit träsket sjön der See the lake / mere sjoen havet das Meer the sea
Gutnisk Sweedsk Düütsk Neadersassisk päiku flickan das Mädchen de deerne sårken pojken der Junge / Knabe de junge russe hästen das Ross et paerd / et ros rabbis kanin Kaninchen konyn träsket sjön der See et mear sjoen havet das Meer de sey
Like most dialects of Swedish, Gotlandic is under great influence of the Swedish standard language, both through speaker contact and through media and (perhaps most importantly) written language.
So as de meyste dialekten van Sweden, steyt et gotlandsk under groute invlööd van de standardspråke, dat kümt under andere döär kontakten mid spreakers van et standardsweedsk mär ouk döär de media en (wårskynlik de belangrykste) de eskreaven språke.
As a result, Gotlandic has become much closer to the Swedish standard language.
As gevolg dårvan steyt et gotlandsk nun vöäl korter by et standardsweedsk.
There are also many Gotlanders who do not learn the dialect, but speak a regionally colored variant of the standard Swedish.
Der binnen ouk een bült gotlanders dee et dialekt neet eleyrd hebben, mär wel een regionaal eklöörde variant van et sweedsk spreaken.
This is characterized mainly by its intonation, but also by diphthongs and tripthongs, some lexical peculiarities as well as the infinitive ending -ä.
Dit wördt vöäral ekenmarked döär de intonaty, mär ouk döär et gebrüük van tweyklanken en dreeklanken, een antal leksikale eigenaardigheiden lykas de infinitive üütgang -ä.
Homo naledi is a species of archaic human discovered in the Rising Star Cave, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa dating to the Middle Pleistocene 335,000–236,000 years ago.
Homo naledi is archaïsche meansen soort die evunnen is in de Cradle of Humankind in de Rising Star Cave in Zuud-Afrika. De resten bint 236.000 töt 335.000 jaor old en komt uut het Midden-Pleistoceen (Chibanian).
The initial discovery comprises 1,550 specimens, representing 737 different elements, and at least 15 different individuals.
Als eerstens bint er 15 verschillende skelettenn evunnen, die uut 1550 verschillende exemplaren bestaot.
Despite this exceptionally high number of specimens, their classification with other Homo remains unclear.
De ördening met andere resten van het geslacht Homo is niet met wissigheid te benuumen.
Along with similarities to contemporary Homo, they share several characteristics with the ancestral Australopithecus and early Homo as well (mosaic anatomy), most notably a small cranial capacity of 465–610 cc (28.4–37.2 cu in), compared to 1,270–1,330 cc (78–81 cu in) in modern humans.
Samen met andere Homo soorten die tegelieke leafden had Homo naledi kenmärken van de veurolder Australopithecus en vrogge Homo soorten.
They are estimated to have averaged 143.6 cm (4 ft 9 in) in height and 39.7 kg (88 lb) in weight, yielding a small encephalization quotient of 4.5.
Het belangriekste kenmärk hiervan is de kleine schedel (465-610 cc) in vergelieking met de mederne means (1270-1330 cc).
Nonetheless, H. naledi brain anatomy seems to have been similar to contemporary Homo, which could indicate equatable cognitive complexity.
Berekkend is dät Homo naledi deursnee lengte 143,6 cm was met een gewicht van 39,7 kg.
The persistence of small-brained humans for so long in the midst of bigger-brained contemporaries revises the previous conception that a larger brain would necessarily lead to an evolutionary advantage, and their mosaic anatomy greatly expands the known range of variation for the genus.
De härsens waren vri'j klein in vergelieking met de grootte van zien lief. Toch blik de vörm van de härsens vergeliekbaor te wean met tegelieke Homo soorten. Dit zol dan kunnen wiezen op geliekweerdige wärken van de härsens.