The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. The vertebral column is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate, in which the notochord (a flexible rod of uniform composition) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of bones—vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.
An mellkeyn yw rann a'n korfeskern aksial. Mellkeynoges yw enyvales gans mellkeyn. Gwrys a eskern henwys mellennow yw an mellkeyn.

[1]The vertebral column houses the spinal canal, a cavity that encloses and protects the spinal cord.
An mellennow a gerghynn ha gwitha kanel an mellkeyn ha'n lovan vellkeyn.
There are about 50,000 species of animals that have a vertebral column.[2] The human vertebral column is one of the most-studied examples.
Yma adro dhe 50,000 eghen a enevales gans mellkeyn.[2]
Vertebrae
Mellennow
Numbering order of the vertebrae of the human spinal column
Aray a'n mellennow yn mellkeyn den.
Individual vertebrae are named according to their region and position.
Pub askorn y'n keyn yw henwys yn unnik herwydh aga rann a'n keyn ha le y'n rann na.
From top to bottom, the vertebrae are:
An mellennow yw, dhyworth an penn dhe'n lost:
Cervical spine: 7 vertebrae (C1–C7) Thoracic spine: 12 vertebrae (T1–T12) Lumbar spine: 5 vertebrae (L1–L5) Sacrum: 5 (fused) vertebrae (S1–S5) Coccyx: 4 (3–5) (fused) vertebrae (Tailbone)
Seyth mellenn an konna (C1–C7) Dewdhek mellen an brest (T1–T12) Pymp mellen an kres (L1–L5) Mellenn vras, gwrys a bymp mellenn lenys (S1–S5 - Os sacrum) Askorn lost, gwrys a beder mellenn lenys (Coccyx)
The lesser sand eel or sand lance, Ammodytes tobianus, is a species of fish in the sand lance family Ammodytidae. It is an elongated cylindrical fish which may be up to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long.[1]
Yvyn bian, Ammodytes tobianus, yw eghen a bysk yn teylu yvyn Ammodytidae.
The great sand eel[1] (Hyperoplus lanceolatus) is the greater species of sand eel.
Yvyn bras, Hyperoplus lanceolatus, yw eghen a bysk yn teylu yvyn Ammodytidae.
[2] The maximum sixe is 35 cm.
35 cm yw aga brassa hys.
A common tern with a sand lance, Biddeford Pool, ME - August 2013
Skarawik kemmyn gans yvynnen, Biddeford Pool, ME - mis Est 2013
A sand lance or sandlance is a fish belonging to the family Ammodytidae. Several species of sand lances are commonly known as "sand eels", though they are not related to true eels.
Yvyn, Ammodytidae, yw teylu a buskes mor bian.
Another variant name is launce,[2] and all names of the fish are references to its slender body and pointed snout.
Tewes yw aga bewva.
The family name (and genus name, Ammodytes) means "sand burrower", which describes the sand lance's habit of burrowing into sand to avoid tidal currents.
Boos rag lies eghen a buskes erel, morviles hag ydhyn mor yw yvyn.
An anchovy is a small, common salt-water forage fish of the family Engraulidae.
Lavynnyon, engraulidae, yw teylu a buskes mor.
The 144 species are placed in 17 genera; they are found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Anchovies are usually classified as oily fish.[2]
Yma 144 eghen gorrys yn 17 genas ow triga y'n keinvoryow Atlantek, Eyndek ha Hebask, hag y'n Mor Du ha'n Mor Kres. Lavynnyon yw puskes blonegek yn bagas henwys puskes preydh gans hern, hern-gwynn, hern bian ha damyow an hern.
European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus
Lavyn Europek, Engraulis encrasicolus
Jack mackerels or saurels[2] are marine fish in the Trachurus genus of the Carangidae family. The name of the genus derives from the Greek words trachys ("rough") and oura ("tail").
Keynogow, Trachurus, yw genas a byskes mor y'n teylu Carangidae.
Some species, such as T. murphyi, are harvested in purse seine nets, and overfishing (harvesting beyond sustainable levels) has sometimes occurred.[4]
An hanow genas yw dyworth an geryow Grew trachys ("garow") hag oura ("lost").
Species
Eghennow
Trachurus capensis Castelnau, 1861 (Cape horse mackerel) Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841) (greenback horse mackerel) Trachurus delagoa Nekrasov, 1970 (African scad) Trachurus indicus Nekrasov, 1966 (Arabian scad) Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) (Japanese jack mackerel) Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920 (rough scad) Trachurus longimanus (Norman, 1935) (Crozet scad) Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel) Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920 (Chilean jack mackerel) Trachurus novaezelandiae J. Richardson, 1843 (yellowtail horse mackerel) Trachurus picturatus (S. Bowdich, 1825) (blue jack mackerel) Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855) (Pacific jack mackerel) Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel) Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950 (Cunene horse mackerel)
Trachurus capensis Castelnau, 1861 (Keynek Cape) Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841) (Keynek keyn glas) Trachurus delagoa Nekrasov, 1970 (Keynek Afrika) Trachurus indicus Nekrasov, 1966 (Keynek Arabi) Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) (Keynek Nihon) Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920 (Keynek garow) Trachurus longimanus (Norman, 1935) (Keynek Crozet) Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Keynek Mor Kres) Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920 (Keynek Chile) Trachurus novaezelandiae J. Richardson, 1843 (Keynek lost melyn) Trachurus picturatus (S. Bowdich, 1825) (Keynek glas) Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855) (Keynek Hebask) Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Keynek Atlantek) Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950 (Keynek Kunene)
The Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) is a species of jack mackerel in the family Carangidae.[2] It gets its common name from the legend that other smaller species of fish could ride on its back over great distances. Other common names include European horse mackerel (in the U.S.), common scad, scad, and saurel.
Keynogow Atlantek (Trachurus trachurus) yw eghen a keynek y'n teylu Carangidae.
Atlantic horse mackerel at a market
Keynogow Atlantek yn marghas
The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is a forage fish somewhat related to the herring. Anchovies are placed in the family Engraulidae.
Lavynnyon europek (Engraulis encrasicolus) yw puskes preydh y'n teylu Engraulidae.
Clupeidae is a family of ray-finned fishes, comprising, for instance, the herrings, shads, sardines, hilsa, and menhadens.
Clupeidae yw teylu a buskes mor henwys teylu hern. Yma lies bagas a buskes yn teylu ma: hern, hern gwynn, hern byghan, damyow an hern hag erel.
The clupeids include many of the most important food fishes in the world, and are also commonly caught for production of fish oil and fish meal.
Yma lies puskes boos an moyha posek dres oll an bys y'n teylu ma, hag ynwedh usys rag pyskoyl ha bleus pysk yth yns.
Many members of the family have a body protected with shiny cycloid scales (very smooth and uniform scales), a single dorsal fin, with a fusiform body evolved for quick, evasive swimming and pursuit of prey composed of small planktonic animals.
Lies pysk y'n teylu a's teves korf difresys gans skans kelghek lentrus (skans pur leven hag unform), unn askell geynel, gans korf furv werthys esplegys rag neuvyans uskis ha helghi enyvales planktonek byghan.
Due to their small size, and position in the lower trophic level of many marine food webs, the levels of methylmercury they bioaccumulate are very low, reducing the risk of mercury poisoning when consumed.
Yma le beryl a posnans merkur pan yns dybrys awos bos aga braster byghan ha'ga le isel y'n gwiow boos morek.
The family currently comprises 54 genera and approximately 200 species.[1]
Yma 54 genas y'n teylu hag adro dhe 200 eghen.[1]
David Émile Durkheim (French: [emil dyʁkɛm] or [dyʁkajm];[1] April 15, 1858 – November 15, 1917) was a French sociologist, social psychologist and philosopher.
David Émile Durkheim (15 Mis Ebrel, 1858 - 15 Mis Du 15, 1917) o socyologydh ha filosofer Frynkek.
He formally established the academic discipline and—with Karl Marx and Max Weber—is commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology.[2][3]
Gans Karl Marx ha Max Weber, Durkheim yw aswonnys ha tas-fondya a Socyologieth.
Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment.[2]
Adam Smith (16 Mis Metheven 1723 - 17 Mis Gortheren 1790) o filosofer, erbysiethydh politek a-varr ha rann posek an golowyans albanek. Smith yw aswonnys yn arbennek rag diw ober: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), hag An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). An diwettha, berrha dhe The Wealth of Nations, yw prederys ha'n kynsa ober arnowydh a erbysieth.
Genghis Khan (/ˈdʒɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/, often pronounced /ˈɡɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/;,[4][5] Mongolian: Чингис хаан, Çingis hán; Mongolian pronunciation: [t͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋ] ( listen)) c. 1162 – August 18, 1227, born Temüjin, was the founder and Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.
Genghis Khan, (c. 1162 - 18 Mis Est, 1227) genys Temüjin, o an kynsa khan meur an emproureth Mongol hag eth ha bos an vrassa emproureth omjunys der istori oll wosa y vernans.
The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is a Royal Borough of Berkshire, in South East England.
An Burjestra Riel Windsor ha Maidenhead yw Burjestra Riel Berkshire, yn Soth Est Pow Sows.
It is home to Windsor Castle, Eton College, Legoland and Ascot Racecourse.
Yma an Kastel Windsor, an Kolji Eton, Legoland hag an trogelgh resek margh Ascot.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 as a non-metropolitan district of Berkshire, under the Local Government Act 1972, from parts of the former administrative counties of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire. From Berkshire came the boroughs of Maidenhead and Windsor, and the rural districts of Cookham and Windsor, and from Buckinghamshire came the Eton urban district, and the parishes of Datchet, Horton and Wraysbury from the rural district of Eton.[2] It inherited royal borough status from Windsor, the site of Windsor Castle.
An burjestra ve formys avel 'non-metropolitan district' Berkshire,war'n kensa Mes Ebrel 1974 gans an Local Government Act 1972, ow komprehendya parthow an konethow kyns Berkshire ha Buckinghamshire. Ev ve aswonnys avel Burjestra Riel drefenn a wrig komprehendya an dre Windsor hag an Kastel Riel Windsor.
The local authority is Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council[citation needed] .
An awtorita lemmyn yw Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council.
It became a unitary authority on 1 April 1998 with the abolition of Berkshire County Council.[3] It is the only Royal Borough outside Greater London.
Ev a wrig bos awtorita udnek war'n kensa Mes Ebrel, 1998 gen an dileans Seneth Koneth Berkshire.
John Couch Adams FRS (5 June 1819 – 21 January 1892) was a British mathematician and astronomer.
John Couch Adams FRS (5 Mis Metheven 1819 – 21 Mis Genver 1892).
Adams was born in Laneast, near Launceston, Cornwall, and died in Cambridge.
Adams a veu genys yn Lanest, ogas Lannstevan, Kernow.
The Cornish name Couch is pronounced "cooch".
Ev a wrug merwel yn Cambridge.
The calculations were made to explain discrepancies with Uranus's orbit and the laws of Kepler and Newton. At the same time, but unknown to each other, the same calculations were made by Urbain Le Verrier. Le Verrier would send his coordinates to Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle, who confirmed the existence of the planet on 23 September 1846, finding it within 1° of Le Verrier's predicted location (there was, and to some extent still is, some controversy over the apportionment of credit for the discovery; see Discovery of Neptune).
Aswonnys yw ev dres oll rag y dhargan bosva a Nevyon.
Children
Fleghes
Education
Adhyskans
Marriage
Demedhyans
Death and succession
Mernans
Parliamentary service
Servis y'n senedh
Sir William Lemon, 1st Baronet (11 October 1748 – 11 December 1824) was a Member of Parliament for Cornish constituencies from 1770 to 1824, a total of 54 years.
Syr William Lemon, 1a Baronet (11 mis Hedra 1748 – 11 mis Kevardhu 1824) a veu Esel a'n Senedh dhe bastellow vro a 1770 dhe 1824, somm a 54 bledhen.
He was the son of William Lemon and Anne, the daughter of John Willyams of Carnanton House and the grandson of William Lemon (1696–1760), who acquired the family estate at Carclew in 1749.[1][2][3]
Ev o mab William Lemon hag Anne, myrgh John Willyams a Carnanton House ha mab wynn William Lemon (1696–1760), a gavas perghenogeth an teylu yn Krugliw in 1749.[1][2][3]