Socrates (/ˈsɒkrətiːz/;[2] Greek: Σωκράτης [sɔːkrátɛːs], Sōkrátēs; 470/469 – 399 BC)[1] was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy.
Dä Sokrates wohr ene [[Fillosovv]] em ahle Jrihscheland un hädd en [[Attehn]] jelääf.
He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. Plato's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity, though it is unclear the degree to which Socrates himself is "hidden behind his 'best disciple', Plato".[3]
Der [[Plato]] wohr ene Schöhler vunnem.
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman.
Thomas Alva Edison wohr ene Jeschäffsmann un Äfender en der USA. Jelääv hädd er vum 11. Fäbrowa [[Johr 1847|1847]] bes zom 18 Oktohber [[Johr 1931|1931]] en de Houpsaaach öm [[New York]] un dröm eröm.
He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.
Hä hädd sejj en jruhße Zahl Saache, Apparahte un Apparatuhre ußjedaach un en de Wält jebraat, di et Lävve övverall op de Ääd verändere dähte. Dohzoh jehüre der [[Fonnojraf]], de [[Fellemkammera]], un de Lampe för et [[eläktresch Leesch|eläktresche Leesch]].
Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park",[3] he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.[4]
Mer hädd en och „der Zaubermann vum <i lang="en" xml:lang="en" dir="ltr">[[Menlo Park]]<i> jenannt. Weil hä onger de eetze Äntweckler un Äfenger wohr, di de Prinzipije vun Maßße-Produxjohn un -Zesammewerke op sing Ärbeid aanjewandt hän, säät mer em och öff noh, hä hätt et eeze [[Forschongslabohr]] em [[endustrejälle Schtil]] bedrevve.
Edison was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany.
He hädd {{formantnum|1093}} [[Patent]]e en de USA un och ene Houfe en [[Jruhßbretannije]], [[Frankrisch]] un [[Deutschland]] jehatt.
More significant than the number of Edison's patents was the widespread impact of his inventions: electric light and power utilities, sound recording, and motion pictures all established major new industries world-wide.
Övvertroffe dovun wohr ävver wat sing Äntdäckonge un Äfendonge bewerk han. [[Elekätrezetähd]] un [[elektresch Leesch]], et Faßhallde vun Töhn un der [[Fellem (zom Belohre)|]] han alle iehr eije Brangsche un e jruhß Jeschäff opjebout. Un dat en de jannze Wällt.
Edison's inventions contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications.
Sing Idehje han de Övverdrahrong vun Enfommazjuhne un der Ußtuusch zwesche de Minsche vöraanjebraat un besönders et Tellefohn un de Tellekommunikazjuhn.
These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures.
Dobei wohr ene Nohreeschtedeens för de Börse, meschahnesche Apparahte för Stemme bei Wahle ze zälle, en Battrih för Äläktro'autos, der Schtrohm un de [[Elätezetäht]], Mussik op [[Plaat]]e un Kinno-Felleme.
His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as a telegraph operator.
Sing fottjeschredde Ärbeid en dä Fälder kohm vun singe aanfänglesche Ärbeid beim [[Tellejraf]]ihre.
Edison developed a system of electric-power generation and distribution[5] to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial development in the modern industrialized world.
Hä hät sesche e Näzwärk ußjedaach för Eläktreztät zu produzehre un ze verdeijle, un zwa aan Hüüser met Wonnunge, Jeschäffte, un Fabrekke, wad ene Jrond jelaat hät för de Wält vu de Endußtrie vun hükzedahchs.
His first power station was on Pearl Street in Manhattan, New York.[5]
Sing eez [[Kraffwärk]] schtund en de [[Pearl Street]] (Pähleschtrohß) en [[Manhattan]] en [[New York]].
Lamprocles (Greek: Λαμπροκλῆς) was Socrates' and Xanthippe's eldest son.
Der Lamprokles hees op jrihschesch Λαμπροκλῆς un wohr dem Socrates un der Xanthippe iere ählste Sonn.
His two brothers were Menexenus and Sophroniscus.
Sing zwai Bröhder wohre der Menexenus un der Sophroniskus.
Lamprocles was only a boy (μειράκιον meirakion) at the time of Socrates' trial and death.
Der Lamprocles wohr noch ene Jung (μειράκιον meirakion) als sing Vatter vör et Jereesch kohm un dann ömjebraht wood.
According to Aristotle, Socrates' descendants as a whole turned out to be unremarkable: "silly and dull".
Wam_mer em Aristoteles jläuve well, han sijj em Socrates sing Nohfahre all als unwascheinlesch Blötschköppejj erus jeschtallt.
Plato, Apology 34d; Phaedo 116b.
Platon, Apology 34d; Phaedo 116b.
Aristotle, Rhetoric, 1390b30–32.
Aristoteles, Rhetohrek, 1390b30–32.
Lamprocles
Lamprokles
Menexenus (/ˌməˈnɛksənəs/; Greek: Μενέξενоς) was one of the three sons of Socrates and Xanthippe. His two brothers were Lamprocles and Sophroniscus.
Menexenos wohr einer vun dä drei Sönn vum Socrates un em Xanthipp. Hä heeß op l jrihschesch {lang|grc|Μενέξενоς}} un dat wood /ˌməˈnɛksənəs}} ußjeschproche; Hä hät zwaij Bröhder jehatt, der Lamprocles un der Sophroniscus.
Menexenus is not to be confused with the character of the same name who appears in Plato's dialogues Menexenus and Lysis.
Der Menexenos darf mer net verwähßelle met dä Fijuhr mem sällve Nahme uß däm Platon singe Dijalohre Menexenos and Lysis.
Socrates' sons Menexenus and Sophroniscus were still children at the time of their father's trial and death,[1] one of them small enough to be held in his mother's arms.[2] As there was an ancient Greek tradition of naming the first son after his grandfather, Menexenus was probably the youngest of the three.
Dem Sokrates singe Sönn Menexenos un Sophroniskos wohre noch Pänz als ehre Vatter vör et Jereesch kohm un dann ömjebraat wood - jenoujenumme, sesch sällver ömbränge moot pä Jereeschßbeschloß.[1] Eine dovun wohr norr_esu klein, dadd_en de Motter em Ärm heeld.[2] Em ahle Jrihscheland hatte se en Tradizjuhn, der eezte Sonn nohm Besetfa ze nänne, wohr der Menexenos wascheijnlesch der jöngste vun dä drei.
According to Aristotle, Socrates' descendants all turned out to be unremarkable: "silly and dull".[3]
Wam_mer em Aristotles jläuve well, han sijj em Sokrates sing Nohfahre all als onwascheinlesch Blötschköppejj erus jeschtallt..[3]
Marble herm in the Vatican Museums inscribed with Aspasia's name at the base.
En herm uß Marmor em Musehjom vum Fattikahn, woh onge der Nahme vum Aspajsija drop schteihjt.
Discovered in 1777, this marble herm is a Roman copy of a 5th-century BC original and may represent Aspasia's funerary stele.
Ed es müjjelesch, dadd ed en Koppih vun dem Aspahsija singem Jravmohl es.
Aspasia (/æˈspeɪʒiə, æˈspeɪziə, æˈspeɪʒə, æˈspeɪʃə/;[1][2] Greek: Ἀσπασία; c. 470 BC[3][4] – c.
Ed Aspahsija ov Aspasia wohr en Frou med Ennfloss em klaßesche Attehn, wo ed ennjwanndert wohr un jands offezjäll mem Perikles zesamme e Fisternöll hatte.
400 BC)[3][5] was an influential immigrant to Classical-era Athens who was the lover and partner of the statesman Pericles.
Di zwai hatte sersamme ene Sonn, dä och Perikles (der jöngere) heeß. Ov se je jehihrohdt hatte, es nit bikannt.
The couple had a son, Pericles the Younger, but the full details of the couple's marital status are unknown.
Jelääv hädd et vun 470 vör Kreßtos eröm[3][4] bes öm 400 vör Kreßtos eröm.[3][5] Op jrihschesch schrehv mer et: Ἀσπασία.
According to Plutarch, her house became an intellectual centre in Athens, attracting the most prominent writers and thinkers, including the philosopher Socrates.
Wammer op der Plutarch hührt, wohr dä zwaij ier Huus ene jeijstejje Sammelplaz en Atehn, woh de juhße Künsler un Dänker vun ier Zigg hen Kohme, och der bes hük vill zetehrte Fillosoff Sokrates.
It has also been suggested that the teachings of Aspasia influenced Socrates.
Mer hädd ald sesaht,, dadd em Aspahsija sing Idehje un Lihre der Sokrates beenfloß hann sull.
Aspasia was mentioned in the writing of philosophers Plato, Aristophanes, Xenophon, and other authors of the day.
Et Aspahsija küdd och vör en de Schreffte vun dä Fillosoff Platon, Aristophanes, Xenophon, un äddlejja anndere Schrihver vun dä Zigg.
Though she spent most of her adult life in Greece, few details of her life are fully known.
Och wann t ene johde Deij vun ehrem Lävve als Äwahßene en Jihscheland verbraat hät, es övver si Lävve nit besönder vill bikannt.
Some scholars suggest that Aspasia was a brothel keeper and a prostitute.
Et jitt Weßeschaffler, di vörschlonn, dadd ed ene Puff jehatt hät un orren a prostitute wohr.
Aspasia's role in history provides crucial insight to the understanding of the women of ancient Greece.
Dem Aspahsija sing Roll en der Verjangeheid deiht ons weeschtejje Verschtand aan de ahl-jrihschesche Froulück ze krijje. the women of ancient Greece.
Very little is known about women from her time period. One scholar stated that, "To ask questions about Aspasia's life is to ask questions about half of humanity."[6]
Koum jädd es hück bikannd övver de Froulück vun dä Zigg. enne Fochscher hädd ens jesaat, Frohre övver et Aspahsija wöhre esu johd wi Frohre ovver de hallve Mänschheijd.[6]
Xanthippe from Guillaume Rouillé's Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
Er Zantipp us Guillaume Rouillé's Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
Xanthippe (/zænˈθɪpi/; Greek: Ξανθίππη, Greek pronunciation: [kʰsantʰíp̚pɛ͜ɛ]; 5th century – 4th century BCE) was an ancient Athenian, the wife of Socrates and mother of their three sons: Lamprocles, Sophroniscus, and Menexenus.
Et Zantipp hät vum fönnefte bes en et veete vörkreßlesche Johonndert em ahle Jrihscheland en Atehn en Attika jelääf un wohr et Ejejeschponß vum Sokrates. Di zweij hatte drei Sönn, der Lamprokles, der Sophroniskos, un der Menexenos.
She was likely much younger than Socrates, perhaps by as much as 40 years.[1]
Di Ejelük wohre - su jleuf mer - ärsch ongerscheidlejj alt, künnt joht sinn, om de vehzesch Johr.[1]
Name
Et Zantipp han se dohmohls [kʰsantʰíp̚pɛ͜ɛ] ußjeschproche un Ξανθίππη jeschrevve.
Xanthippe means "yellow horse", from the Greek ξανθός xanthos (blonde) and ἵππος hippos (horse).
Dat bedügg esu vill wi „et blonde Pääd“ vum ahl jrihschesche ξανθός xanthos blond, un ἵππος hippos Pääd.
Hers is one of many Greek personal names with a horse theme (cf. Philippos "friend of horses", Hippocrates "horse tamer" etc.). The hippos in an ancient Greek name often suggested aristocratic heritage.[2] One additional reason for thinking Xanthippe's family was socially prominent was that her eldest son was named Lamprocles instead of "Sophroniscus" (after Socrates' father): the ancient Greek custom was to name one's first child after the more illustrious of the two grandfathers.
Nahme med „Pääd“ dren kohme dohmols öffters ens vör un han öff obb_en Hääkonnf uß de Aristokrattih hen jedügg..[2] Noch ene Jrond för ze jleuve datt dem Zantipp sing Famillesch en de Prominäz uder de haute-Volaute wohr, es, dat se dä eezte Sonn Lamprokles jenannt hatte un nit, wi mer et söns ahl-jrihschesch-tradezjonäll iehrter jedonn hätt, Sofroneskos, wi singe Bestfa vun der Sigg vum Vatter jeheijße hatt.
Xanthippe's father is believed to have been named Lamprocles. Since he was even more well-established in Athenian aristocracy than was Socrates' father, his name would have been the preferred choice for the name of the first-born son.[3]
Dem Zantipp singe Vatter heeß, su nemm mer aan, wall Lamprokles, un weijl hä mih ze sahre jehatt hädd un bäßer doh schtand en de ahle jrihschesche Jesällschaff wi em Sokrates sing Vatter, wöhr däm singe Nahme eijentlesch vörzeträke jewähse för der Nahme vum eezde Sunn.[3]
The chamberpot episode: Socrates, his Wives and Alcibiades, by Reyer van Blommendael
Der Vörfall mem Kammerpott: Socrates, his Wives and Alcibiades, vum Reyer van Blommendael
Plato's portrayal of Xanthippe in the Phaedo suggests that she was a devoted wife and mother;[4] She is mentioned nowhere else in Plato.[5] Xenophon, in his Memorabilia, portrays her in much the same light, although he does make Lamprocles complain of her harshness;[6] it could be argued that this is fairly typical of an adolescent's views of a strict parent.
Dem Platon sing Poträh fum Zantip in de Phaedo leiht noh, dat se en angaschehrte Frou uun Motter jewähse sin sull.[4] Se weed söns ein kein vun de Schreffte vum Platon ävähnt.[5] Xenophon schihv en singe Memorabilia jädd ähnlejjes, altävver löht der Lamprokles övver ehr Jrovvheitof mäkere,[6] woh mer jäz zoh sahre künnt, dat dat vill Jonge övver de Mötter sahre, di sesch dorschsäze.
It is only in Xenophon's Symposium where we have Socrates agree that she is (in Antisthenes' words) "the hardest to get along with of all the women there are."[7] Nevertheless, Socrates adds that he chose her precisely because of her argumentative spirit:
Ed es blohs en dem Xenofon singem Symposium, dat mer er Sokrates zohschtemme fenge, se wöhr, wi der Antisthenes jesaat han sull, dih onger all de Froulük, woh met kloh ze kumme aam schwireschßte wöhr.[7] Ävver, su säht der Sokrates och noch, hä hätt se jenou wähje iere Värve beim Ajjumäntehre un ehrem Jeiß zor Frou jenumme.
Perhaps this picture of Xanthippe originated with the historical Antisthenes, one of Socrates' pupils, since Xenophon initially puts this view into his mouth.
Velleijsch kohm dat schlähschte Beld vum Zantippe vum hestohresch Antisthenes, enem Schöhler vum Sokrates pupils, weijl der Xenophon anfänglesch di Seesch en däm sunge Muhl leiht.
Aelian also depicts her as a jealous shrew in his description of an episode in which she tramples underfoot a large and beautiful cake sent to Socrates by Alcibiades.[9] Diogenes Laërtius tells of other stories involving Xanthippe's supposed abusiveness, but he does not cite any source for them.[10]
Aelian däht se och als en fier iifersöscheje Schäkschruhv daaschtälle, wi se ene schöhne jruhße Kohche zertrampele deiht, dä der Sokrates vum Alcibiades jescheck hatt krähje.[9] Der Diogenes Laërtius verzälld och noch mih Jescheeschte övver em Zantipp sing Boshafteschteschkeijte, ävver hä jitt nidd aan, woh hä se her hätt.[10]
An Emblem book print portraying Xanthippe emptying a chamber pot over Socrates, from Emblemata Horatiana illustrated by Otho Vaenius, 1607.
Ene Drok us enem Emblem book, dä et Zantipp zeijsch, wi ed ene Kammerpott övvere em Sokrates aam ußschödde es. Vun Emblemata Horatiana ellustrehrd vum Otho Vaenius, 1607.
External links
Wäbsigge
Media related to Xanthippe at Wikimedia Commons
Xanthippe at Wikimedia Commons