Ayaz-Kala is an archaeological site in Northern Uzbekistan, built between the 4th century BCE and the 7th century CE.[1] Situated on a hilltop overlooking the Kyzylkum Desert, the site encompasses the ruins of an ancient Khorezm fortress.
Ayaz-Qala Arqa Ózbekstandaǵı arxeologik estelik bolıp, eramızǵa shekemgi 4-ásir hám 7-ásirlerde qurılǵan. Qızılqum shóline qaragan tóbelik shıńında jaylasqan bul jay áyyemgi Xorezm qorǵanı qarabaxanaların óz ishine aladı.
Ayaz Kala 2
Ayaz qala 2-bo'lmesi
Ayaz Kala 2 is a feudal fortress dating from the 6th to 8th century CE, in the Afrighid period.
Ayaz qala 2 - feodal qorǵanı eramızdıń 6 -8-ásirlerdinde, Afrig'lar dáwirinde.
It was built on the top of a conical hill, about 40 m high, situated south west of Ayaz Kala 1.
Ol Ayaz Qorǵandıń qubla-batısında, bálentligi shama menen 40 m bolǵan konussimon tóbeliktiń tepasida qurılǵan.
The fortress consists of the entry on the south western side and the main building which is oval in shape.[6]
Qorǵan qubla-batıs tárepden kiriw jayı hám súyri-sopaq formasındaǵı tiykarǵı bınadan ibarat.
In the 6th to 8th century CE Khorezm was ruled by the Afrighid dynasty of Khorezmshahs.
Eramizǵa shekem 6—8-ásirlerde Xorezmdi Xorezmshahlar úrim-putaǵı afrig'iylar basqargan.
At this time the "dihqans", a new class of feudal landowners came into existence.
Bul waqıtta “diyqanlar” jańa feodal múlk iyeleri siyasiy gruppası payda boldı.
They were descendants of the ancient nobility, courtiers or soldiers who had been rewarded for military services.
Olar áyyemgi zodagonlar, saray belgili adamları yamasa áskeriy xızmetlerin ushın sıylıqlanǵan askarlarning áwladları edi.
Their agricultural estates were called "rustaq".
Olardıń dıyxanshılıq jerleri “rustoq” dep atalǵan.
They lived in "donjons", small square forts surrounded by a defensive wall.
Olar qorǵaw diywali menen oralǵan kishi kvadrat qorǵanlarda, " donjonlarda" jasaǵan.
An important example called Yakke Parsan is situated 10 km south of Ayaz Kala.
Yakke Parsan dep atalǵan zárúrli mısal Ayaz Qorǵannan 10 km qublada jaylasqan.
Ayaz Kala 2 was built of rectangular mud bricks on a foundation of "paksha" (cob).
Ayaz qala 2-bo'lmesi tórtmuyushler formasındaǵı ılay gerbishten " paksha" tiykarına qurılǵan.
The upper parts of the outer walls were crenulated.
Sırtqı diywallardıń ústki bólimleri krenulyatsiya etilgen.
The building was fortified with low battlements and a row of arrow slits.
Jay tómen jawınger hám bir qatar kósher sańlaqları menen bekkemlengen.
Ayaz Kala 2 had a 50 m long sloping man-made staircase on the southern side of the fort.
Ayaz qala 2 qalanıń qubla tárepinde uzınlıǵı 50 m uzınlıqtaǵı qıyalıq jasalma teksheǵa iye edi.
The main building is considered as a palace with residential quarters, ceremonial halls with ceilings supported by multiple columns and a fire temple, luxuriously decorated with wall paintings.
Tiykarǵı jay turar -jay ımaratları, kóplegen ústinler menen bekkemlengen shiftli dástúr zallari hám diywal súwretleri menen sánatli bezetilgen órt sıyınıwxonasi bolǵan saray esaplanadı.
This building seems to have been the residence of a feudal lord loyal to the Khorezmshah.
Bul jay Xorezmshahge sadıq feodaldıń rezidenciyası bolǵan kórinedi.
The building was built in the 4th century CE and destroyed by two separate fires.
Jay eramızǵa shekemgi 4-asirde qurılǵan hám eki bólek órt nátiyjesinde wayran bolǵan.
The palace was in use during the 6th and 7th cent CE as a domestic dwelling.
Saray eramızdıń 6 -7-ásirlerdinde turaq-jay retinde paydalanılǵan.
A vast urban complex of buildings was located at the feet of the fortress.[1]
Qala atrapi úlken qala ımaratları kompleksi jaylasqan edi.
Ayaz Kala 3
Ayaz qala 3-bo'lmesi
Ayaz Kala 3 is a fortified garrison dating from the 1st to 2nd century CE.
Ayaz qala 3 - bekkemlengen garnizon bolıp, eramızǵa shekemgi I-II ásirlerge tiyisli.
The monumental building in the north east corner may have been founded in the 5th or 4th century BCE.
Arqa-shıǵısiy múyeshdagi monumental jay eramızǵa shekemgi 5-4-ásirlerde qurılǵan bolıwı múmkin.
The site covers an area of about 5 hectares.[7]
Sayt shama menen 5 gektar maydandı iyeleydi.
The enclosure wall is one of the largest fortresses in Karalpakstan.
Qala diywal Qaraqalpaqstan daǵı eń iri qalalardan biri bolıp tabıladı.
Ayaz Kala 3 is 66 percent larger than Ayaz Kala 1.
Ayaz Kala 3-bo'lmesi Ayaz Kala 1-bo'lmesiden 66 procentke úlkenlew.
It has the shape of a parallelogram with sides 260 m and 180 m long.
Onıń qaptal tárepleri 260 m hám uzınlıǵı 180 m bolǵan parallelogramm formasına iye.
The structure of the external wall is similar to Ayaz Kala 1.
Sırtqı diywalidıń dúzilisi Ayaz Qala 1-bo'lmesi.
The external walls are 7.5 m wide.
Sırtqı diywallardıń keńligi 7, 5 m.
The circular watchtowers have a size of 8 m.
Dumaloq qorǵaw minarlarınıń ólshemi 8 m.
The fortress was built with paksha in the lower parts and masonry in the upper parts. made of adobe blocks.
Qorǵan tómengi bólimlerinde paksha, joqarı bólimlerinde tas menen qurılǵan. adobe bloklarınan etilgen.
The entrance to the fortress on the western side consists of an S-Shaped extension of the external wall.
Batıs tárep degi qorǵanǵa kiraverish sırtqı diywaldıń S formasındaǵı keńeytpesidan ibarat.
The interior of the fortress is empty.[1]
Qalanıń ishki bólegi bos.
History
Tariyxi
The monumental buildings in the north east corner cover an area of 2,400 m².
Arqa-shıǵısiy múyeshdagi monumental ımaratlar 2400 m² maydandı iyeleydi.
The building has 40 rooms divided into 4 groups by 2 central corridors.
Bınada 2 oraylıq koridor arqalı 4 gruppaǵa bólingen 40 ta bólme bar.
There are remains of a narrow corridor on three sides of the buildings.
Ímaratlardıń úsh tárepinde tar koridor qaldıqları bar.
The southern and eastern walls have square watchtowers, about 2×2 metres.
Qubla hám arqa diywallarda shama menen 2×2 metr kvadrat forma daǵı qarawıl minarları bar.
It is supposed that Ayaz Kala 3 was used in Kushan times as a garrison or as a ruler's residence and refuge for the local farming population and that a small force used Ayaz Kala 1 as a lookout post.
Shamalarǵa kóre, Ayaz qorǵan 3-bo'lmesi Kushonlar dáwirinde qorıqlang'an jer yamasa hukmdorning rezidenciyası hám jergilikli dıyxan xalıq ushın turar jay retinde paydalanılǵan, kishi bir ásker bolsa Ayaz qorǵan 1 den gúzetiw posti retinde paydalanǵan.
Structural details
Strukturalıq tolıq maǵlıwmatlari
References
Derekler
Chorasmian oasis, Ayaz-Kala fortress
Xorezm oazisi, Ayaz-Qala qalasi
The site consists of three fortresses which were built from the 4th century BCE to the 7th century CE.[2] The fortresses were part of a series of forts at the edge of the Kyzylkum Desert, which provided defence against raids by nomads and the Saka of the Syr Darya delta.[2] Part of Ayaz Kala was built in the second century by the Kushan Empire.[3] The now-ruined fortress is speculated to have been built as part of a chain of border fortresses guarding the borders of the Kyzylkum Desert.
Sayt eramızǵa shekemgi IV ásirden eramizǵa shekemiy VII asrge shekem qurılǵan ush qala bo'lmelerinden ibarat. Qorǵanlar Qızılqum shóli shetindegi bir qatar qorǵanlardıń bir bólegi bolıp, olar kóshpenshiler hám Sirdaryo deltasidag'i saklarniń shabıwıllarınan qorǵawlanǵan. Ayaz Qorǵandıń bir bólegi II asirde Kushonlar imperiyasi tárepinen qurılǵan.
In addition to the eroded remains of defensive works, the remnants of several residential structures have been uncovered at site.[3]
Házirde wayran bolǵan qorǵan Qızılqum shóli shegaraların qorǵawlap turıwshı shegara qorǵanlarınıń bir bólegi retinde qurılǵan, dep shama etiledi. Qorǵaw jumıslarınıń erroziyaǵa ushrag'an qaldıqları menen bir qatarda, qala ishinde bir neshe turar -jay imaratlarınıń qaldıqları tabılǵan.
Ayaz Kala 1
Ayaz qala 1-bo'lmesi
Ayaz Kala 1 is a fortress dating back to end of the 4th or beginning of the 3rd century BCE.
Ayaz Qala 1-bo'lmesi— eramızǵa shekemgi IV ásir aqırı yamasa III ásir baslarına tiyisli qala.
In this time Khorezm had become independent from Persia.
Bul dáwirde Xorezm Forsden ǵárezsiz bolip ajralg'an edi.
Ayaz Kala 1 was part of a chain of fortresses protecting the agricultural settlements from attacks by nomads.
Ayaz Qala 1-bo'lmesi awıl xojalıǵı xalıq punktlerin kóshpenshiler hújiminen qorǵaw etiwshi qalalar shınjırınıń bir bólegi edi.
The fortress is situated on the top of a hill, approximately 100 m (330 ft) high, providing wide views over the surrounding plains.
Qala tóbeliktiń tepasida jaylasqan bolıp, bálentligi shama menen 100 m (330 fut) bolıp, átirap daǵı tegisliklerdi keń kóriw imkaniyatın beredi.
The fortress is rectangular in plan with sides 182 and 152 m (597 and 499 ft) long.
Qorǵan tórtmuyush formasında bolıp, tárepleri 182 hám 152 m (597 hám 499 fut) uzınlıqta.