Artocarpus mariannensis Mature tree, Santa Lourdes Shrine, Saipan Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Moraceae Genus: Artocarpus Species: A. mariannensis Binomial name Artocarpus mariannensis Trécul[1]
Drau

Artocarpus mariannensis (Chamorro: dugdug), also known as the Marianas breadfruit or the seeded breadfruit, is a species of plant in the mulberry / fig family, Moraceae.[2] It is endemic to the Mariana Islands and Guam.[3]
Artocarpus mariannensis (Chamorro: dugdug), e dua na vunikau i vūvale Moraceae.[1] E lako mai yanuyanu Mariana kei Guam.[2]
Mongolia (/mɒnˈɡoʊliə/ (listen); Монгол Улс Mongol Uls in Mongolian Cyrillic; Mongγol Ulus [transliterated] in Mongolian script) is a landlocked country in East Asia. Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical territory of Outer Mongolia, and that term is sometimes used to refer to the current state.
Na Mongolia e dua na matanitu landlocked ena tokalau kei Esia. Na kena roughly e tautauvata kei na itikotiko makawa ni vanua e tautuba ni Mongolia, kei na vosa oqori e dau vakayagataki ena so na gauna me da raica kina na ituvaki oqo.
It is sandwiched between Russia to the north and China to the south, where it neighbours the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
E sandwiched na vanua o Rusia ki na vualiku kei Jaina ki na ceva, ka wekana tiko kina na iwasewase Mongolia Autonomous.
Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, although only 37 kilometres (23 mi) separates them.
Na Mongolia e sega ni wasea e dua na iyalayala kei Kazakhstan, e dina ga ni 37 na kilometres (23 Mi) tawasei ira.
Cannabis ("Indian hemp") was likely introduced to Fiji following the 1879 introduction of Indian workers under the Indentured Labour System.[1]
Canis ("Indian hemp") was likely intred to Fiji following the 1879
A 1907 legal journal notes the existence of:
A 1907 legal journal
A 1993 report noted that Fiji faced an "incipient" cannabis problem as youths were exposed to the drug by foreign travelers.[3]
A 1993 report noted that Fiji faced an "incipient" cannabis problem as youths were
Along with Papua New Guinea, Fiji is one of the main producers of cannabis in Oceania.[4]
Papua New Guinea, Fiji is one of the main producers of cannabis in Oceania.[1]
During 1962, the South Pacific Commission founded the South Pacific Games Council, with the first ever Games being held at Suva, Fiji.
Ena 1962, e a tauyavutaka kina na ilesilesi ni Ceva ni Pasifika na Matabose ni Qito ena Ceva ni Pasifika, ka kena imatai tiko ni Qito e Suva, Viti.
In the 40 years since, Games have been held in 12 countries and territories within the region.
Ena loma ni 40 na yabaki mai na gauna o ya, sa vakayacori kina na qito ena 12 na matanitu kei na yasana ena loma ni yasana.
Initially the Games were held at three-year intervals although this was subsequently expanded to four following the Tumon Games in Guam.
Taumada a vakayacori taumada na qito ena tolu na yabaki gauna e dina ga ni a vakalevutaki sara na ka oqo ki na va na qito ni Tumon e Guam.
As a residual consequence of the European colonisation of the Pacific from the early part of the 18th Century onwards, many nations who participated in the first Games (of 1963) were under predominantly British or French territorial rule.
Me vaka e dua na isau ni colonisation e Iurope ni Pasifika mai na itekivu ni ika 18 ni senitiuri onwards, e vuqa na veimatanitu era a vakaitavi ena imatai ni qito (mai na 1963) era a tiko ena predominantly ni Peritania se na lawa ni kina ni Varanise.
Understandably this generated a certain amount of confusion as both British and French flags and national anthems dominated proceedings and were occasionally used together for winning countries.
Vakamatata na ga vakataki koya oqo e dua na iwiliwili ni veilecayaki me vaka na Peritania kei na kuila ni Varanise kei na vanua raraba sere dauvakayacoka ka dau vakayagataki ena so na gauna me baleta na matanitu qaqa.
Western Samoa (now Samoa) was the only country with a flag and anthem of its sovereignty as it was the only participating independent island nation at that time.
Na ra kei Samoa e vanua duadua ga ena dua na kuila kei na vanua ni kena sovereignty me vaka ga na matanitu ka tiko duadua ga e yanuyanu ena gauna o ya.
As time went on, fledgling nations gradually achieving sovereignty of their own sought to extricate themselves from their colonial past and new national anthems and flags emerged.
Ni toso na gauna, era qai fledgling na veimatanitu era sa rawata na sovereignty ni nodra segata me ra extricate ira mai na nodra vakoloni ni gauna sa oti kei na vanua vou sere kei na kuila basika.
Nevertheless, English and French remain the official languages of the Games.[2]
Ia, na Vosa Vakavalagi kei na Varanise e tiko ga kina na vosa vakadonui ni qito.
Like other sporting events, the South Pacific Games has experienced slight controversies.
Me vaka eso tale na soqo qito, sa sotava oti na qito ena ceva ni Pasifika na duidui.
A minor dispute that still continues today is the scheduling of events landing on a Sunday.
E dua na veileti lailai e se tomani tiko nikua sa ikoya na ituvatuva ni veika a yaco Landing ena Sigatabu.
Throughout the Pacific, the Christian Sabbath remains very important (sporting events or similar activity are illegal in Tonga for example) and scheduling at such a time would be frowned upon.
Ena Gauna taucoko ni Pasifika, sa rui bibi sara na Siga ni Vakacecegu va-Karisito (qito ena itaviqaravi eso se itaviqaravi tautauvata e sa dau vakatarai e Toga me vakataka) ka vakayacori ena loma ni gauna dredre ena dua na gauna.
The events themselves have also been affected by religious sensitivities, notably beach volleyball where the official uniform of bikinis for women has been forced to give way to more conservative attire.[3] However other larger nations within the region or those loosely associated with more secular states (e.g. Cook Islands (New Zealand), American Samoa (United States), and French Polynesia (France)) are more moderate in this regard.
Na veika era a sotava era sa tarai ira talega ena na vakalotu, notably na volibol na vanua e unifomu kina na bikinis vakadonui me baleti ira na marama era sa vakasaurarataki me ra dau tudei ena isaluwaki tudei. Ia eso tale na matanitu lelevu ena loma ni vanua se o ira era ciri vata kei na so tale na veimatanitu vakavuravura (k.v. Cook (Ni'u Siladi), American Samoa , kei Varanise Polynesia era sa vakarauta vakalevu cake ena vuku ni ka oqo.
Other global and regional events have also influenced and shaped the Games' history.
Eso tale na soqo e vuravura raraba kei na iwasewase era sa vakauqeta talega ka veisautaka na itukutuku makawa ni qito.
In 1995, the year Papeete, Tahiti hosted the Games, many countries took the decision to boycott as a direct protest at French nuclear testing in the Pacific.[4] The Games, however, returned to near full regional participation in the following event in 1999, held on Guam.
Ena 1995, na yabaki Papeete, a hosted kina o Taiti, e vuqa na matanitu era a vakatulewa ki na boycott me vaka e dua na vakacudrucudru ni Varanise nukilia ena Pasivika. Ia, na qito, a lesu tale ki na dua na vakaitavi ena iwasewase taucoko ena soqo oqo ena 1999, a vakayacori e Guam.
The first objective of the Pacific Games Council, according to its Charter,[5] is
Na imatai ni inaki ni matabose ni qito ena Pasivika, me vaka na kena Charter na: " me tauyavutaki kina na ivau ni veitokani kei na veitacini ena kedra maliwa na tamata ena iwasewase ni Pasifika ena kena isau qito ka sega ni dua na duidui me vaka na veitau, Lotu se politiki. "
The Games were initiated to promote and develop sport amongst the nations and peoples of the South Pacific.[1] After fifty years in existence, The South Pacific Commission changed its name to the Pacific Community.[1]
Era a vakatekivuna na qito me ra tokona ka tara cake na qito ena kedra maliwa na veimatanitu kei na tamata ena ceva ni Pasifika. Ni oti e limasagavulu na yabaki na kena bula tiko, sa veisautaka na yaca na ilesilesi ni Ceva ni Pasifika ki na itikotiko ni Pasifika.
The XII South Pacific Games held in Suva, Fiji saw for the first time the introduction of a full program of 32 sports.[6] That program included sports that are synonymous with the Pacific region as well as sports that have a limited participation and are generally not well established.
Na qito ni XII south Pasivika a vakayacori e Suva, e a raica o Viti ena imatai ni gauna me ivakamacala taumada ni dua na parokaramu taucoko ni 32 na qito. Na parokaramu oqori e okati kina na qito ka ra duavata ena yasayasa ni Pasifika ka vakakina na qito ka tiko kina e dua na vakaitavi vakaiyalayala ka ra sega ni dau tauyavutaki vakavinaka.
A strong corporate sponsorship package a first for the games enabled the organizers to work with a free hand towards their aims of making the games a success.
E dua na TLW kaukauwa ni pakete e dua na imatai ni qito e rawa kina vei ira na cicivaka me ra cakacaka vata kei na dua na liga galala ni kena caka na namaka ni kena rawati na qito.
A colorful and effective media and publicity campaign generated much interest and enthusiasm among the public in Fiji.
E dua na iyaloyalo duiroka ka mana kei na irogorogo vunautaki ga vakataki koya na kauwai kei na marau ena kedra maliwa na lewe ni veivanua e Viti.
Schools and youth groups were involved in interactive programs such as the adopt-a-country program also a first for the games.[7]
Era a vakaitavi na veikoronivuli kei na ilawalawa itabagone ena parokaramu ni veimaliwai me vakataka na parokaramu vakubeci ni matanitu me imatai talega ni qito.
The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympic Games (albeit on a smaller scale), with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific Ocean.
Na qito ena Pasivika (e kilai taumada me vaka na qito ena ceva ni Pasifika) e dua na soqo multi, me vakataka na qito ni Olimipiki (albeit ena dua na kena ivakarau lailai), vata kei na vakaitavi vakatabakidua mai na veivanua ena wasawasa ni Pasifika.
It is held every four years and began in 1963.
E dau vakayacori ena loma ni va na yabaki ka tekivu ena 1963.
The XIII Pacific Games were hosted in Apia, Samoa.
Era a hosted na qito me ika 13 ni Pasifika mai Apia, Samoa.
They were the 13th to have been held since 1963. In contrast to the Olympic Games which are expected to generate income for the host nation,[8] the 2007 Pacific Games were expected to leave Samoa US$92million in debt, predominantly as a result of expenditure on large-scale infrastructure projects such as bridges and roads.[9]
Me kena veibasai ki na qito Olimipiki ka namaki me vakavurea na ilavo me baleta na matanitu era tiko kina, sa namaki vei ira na qito 2007 na Pasifika me ra biuti Samoa $ 92na milioni ena dinau, predominantly me isau ni vakayagataki ilavo ena cakacaka ni infrastructure levu me vaka na wavu kei na gaunisala.
Potential debt positions notwithstanding, five nations (Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Tonga and American Samoa) bid for the 2015 Pacific Games.
Na itutu ni dinau e dina, lima na matanitu (Papua Ni'u Kini, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Toga kei Amerika Samoa) era a vakamoce ki na 2015 na qito ena Pasifika.
The Games were ultimately awarded to Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea and follow the 2011 Pacific Games held in Nouméa, New Caledonia.
A soli na qito oqo vei port Moresby, Papua Ni'u Kini ka vakamuria na 2011 na qito ena Pasivika ka vakayacori e Nouméa, New Caledonia.
However the rising cost (purportedly in excess of $1 billion) and the logistical burden of putting on the games continue to threaten countries' abilities to host the event.[10]
Ia na isau ni tubu cake (purportedly ena vakasabusabutaki ni $1 billion) kei na icolacola logistical ni kena biu na qito ena kena tomani tiko na kena rawa ni vakayacori na soqo o ya.
The games governing body is the Pacific Games Council.
Na yago e lewai tiko sa ikoya na matabose ni qito ni Pasifika.
The Games council flag is presented to the host nation of the next games at the end of every games.
Na kuila ni matabose ni qito e sa vakaraitaki ki na matanitu ni qito e tarava ena mua ni qito kece sara.
With expansion and economic growth in the Pacific and Oceania countries of the Pacific Islands, the South Pacific Games Council decided to modernise and revise its charter in light of these changes in the region and the changing place of Sport in our society, thus the council adapted a new charter in 2007.
Ena vakalevutaki kei na tubu vakailavo ena vanua ni Pasifika kei na Oceania ni Yatu Pasivika, sa lewa kina na matabose ni Qito ena Ceva ni Pasifika me modernise ka talemuria na kena Charter ena rarama ni veisau oqo ena vanua kei na vanua veisau ni qito ena noda itikotiko, sa yaco kina na matabose me dua na Charter vou ena 2007.
Membership of the Council includes internationally recognised National Multisport Organisations within countries and territories who are members of the Pacific Community.[5] There are currently 22 members.[11] Pitcairn Island is the only Pacific Community member that is not member of the Pacific Council, whereas Norfolk Island was admitted as a member of the Pacific Games Council although not a member of the Pacific Community.
Na lewe ni matabose e oka kina na dau veivanua tani kilai National Multisport Organisations ena loma ni veimatanitu kei na yasana era lewena tiko na itikotiko ni Pasifika. cala: sega na module "Footnotes ". Ena gauna oqo e 22 na lewenilotu. Na yanuyanu o Pitcairn sai koya duadua ga na lewe ni matabose vakaitikotiko ni Pasifika ka sega ni lewe ni matabose ni Pasifika, ia a vakacurumi na yanuyanu o Norfolk me lewe ni matabose ni qito ena Pasivika ka dina ga ni sega ni lewe ni itikotiko ni Pasifika.
15 members are also member associations of the Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC).[11] Since the 2015 games Australia and New Zealand participate in the Pacific Games.
15 na lewenilotu era sa lewe talega ni komiti ni Oceania National Olimipiki (ONOC). Me tekivu mai na 2015 na qito e Ositerelia kei ni 'u Siladi e rau vakaitavi ena qito ni Pasifika.
In July 2014, the Oceania National Olympic Committees announced their members had voted to allow Australia and New Zealand to participate in four sports, on a provisional basis, in the 2015 Pacific Games.
Ena ika 2014 ni Julai, era a kacivaka kina na komiti ni Oceania National Olimipiki na nodra lewenilotu lomavata me ra vakatarai Ositerelia kei ni 'u Siladi me ra vakaitavi ena va na qito, ena dua na provisional, ena qito ni 2015 na Pasifika.
The risk of seeing the two wealthy, developed nations dominate the competition had previously prevented their inclusion.
Na kena rerevaki na kena raici na titobu e rua, era sa veirawai na matanitu era sa tarova tiko na nodra inclusion.
They would be allowed to send participants only in rugby sevens, sailing, taekwondo and weightlifting - sports where other Pacific countries had proved sufficiently competitive against them in the past.[12]
Ena vakatarai vei ira me ra vakauti ira walega na vakaitavi ena rakavi sevens, soko, taekwondo kei na weightlifting-qito ka ra a vakadinadinataka kina na veimatanitu tale eso ni Pasifika na nodra veisisivi ena veigauna sa oti.
Nation Organisation Website American Samoa American Samoa National Olympic Committee (ASNOC) oceaniasport.com/amsam Cook Islands Cook Islands Sports and National Olympic Committee (CISNOC) oceaniasport.com/cookis Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia National Olympic Committee (FSMNOC) oceaniasport.com/fsm Fiji Fiji Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (FASANOC) fijiolympiccommittee.com Guam Guam National Olympic Committee (GNOC) oceaniasport.com/guam Kiribati Kiribati National Olympic Committee (KNOC) oceaniasport.com/kiribati Marshall Islands Marshall Islands National Olympic Committee (MINOC) oceaniasport.com/marshalls Nauru Nauru Olympic Committee oceaniasport.com/nauru New Caledonia Le Comité Territorial Olympique et Sportif de Nouvelle-Calédonie (CTOS) www.ctos.nc Niue Niue Island Sports and Commonwealth Games Association (NISCGA) oceaniasport.com/niue Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Amateur Sports & Commonwealth Games Association sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?assoc=3852 Northern Mariana Islands Northern Marianas Amateur Sports Association sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?assoc=3859 Palau Palau National Olympic Committee (PNOC) oceaniasport.com/palau Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Sports Federation & National Olympic Committee (PNGSFOC) oceaniasport.com/png Samoa Samoa Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (SASNOC) oceaniasport.com/samoa Solomon Islands Solomon Islands National Olympic Committee (NOCSI) oceaniasport.com/solomon Tahiti Comité Olympique de Tahiti Nui (COPF) www.copf.pf Tokelau Tokelau Sports Federation sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?assoc=3861 Tonga Tonga Sports Association and National Olympic Committee (TASANOC) oceaniasport.com/tonga Tuvalu Tuvalu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (TASNOC) oceaniasport.com/tuvalu Vanuatu Vanuatu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (VASANOC) oceaniasport.com/vanuatu Wallis and Futuna Comité Territorial Olympique et Sportif des Iles Wallis et Futuna (CTOSWF) wallisetfutuna.franceolympique.com
Nation Samoa va-Amerika Yatu Cook Micronesia Viti Guam Kiribati Yatu Masela Nauru Niu Kelidonia Niue Yatu Norfolk Yatu Marina ena vualiku Palau Papua Ni'u Kini Samoa Yanuyanu o Solomoni Polynesia ni Varanise Tokelau Toqai Tuvalu Vanua o Vanuatu Wallis kei na futuna
Nine different cities in six countries and territories have hosted the Pacific Games.
E ciwa na siti duidui ena ono na matanitu kei na yasana era sa hosted na qito ni Pasifika.
Four countries have hosted the games three times: Fiji (1963, 1979, 2003), New Caledonia (1966, 1987, 2011), Papua New Guinea (1969, 1991, 2015) and Samoa (1983, 2007, 2019).
E va na matanitu era sa hosted na qito ena tolu na gauna: Viti (1963, 1979, 2003), New Caledonia (1966, 1987, 2011), Papua Ni'u Kini (1969, 1991, 2015) kei Samoa (1983, 2007, 2019).
Two territories have hosted the Pacific Games twice: French Polynesia (1971, 1995) and Guam (1975, 1999).
E rua na yasana sa hosted na qito ena Pasivika: French Polynesia (1971, 1995) kei Guam (1975, 1999).
The Solomon Islands will become the seventh country to host the event come 2023.
Na Yatu Solomon islands ena yaco me ikavitu ni vanua me vakayacori kina na veika e yaco mai 2023.
Year Games Host Dates Athletes Nations Sports Top nation 1963 I Suva,​ Fiji 29 August – 8 September 646 13 10 Fiji 1966 II Nouméa,​ New Caledonia 8–18 December 1200 14 12 New Caledonia 1969 III Port Moresby,​ Papua New Guinea 13–23 August 1150 12 15 New Caledonia 1971 IV Papeete,​ Tahiti 25 August – 5 September 2000 14 17 New Caledonia 1975 V Tumon,​ Guam 1–10 August 1205 13 16 New Caledonia 1979 VI Suva,​ Fiji 28 August – 8 September 2672 19 18 New Caledonia 1983 VII Apia,​ Western Samoa 5–16 September 2500 15 13 New Caledonia 1987 VIII Nouméa,​ New Caledonia 8–20 December 1650 12 18 New Caledonia 1991 IX Port Moresby,​ Papua New Guinea 7–21 September 2000 16 17 Papua​ New Guinea 1995 X Papeete,​ Tahiti 25 August – 5 September 2000 12 25 New Caledonia 1999 XI Santa Rita,​ Guam 29 May – 12 June 3000+ 21 22 New Caledonia 2003 XII Suva,​ Fiji 28 June – 12 July 5000 22 32 New Caledonia 2007 XIII Apia,​ Samoa 25 August – 8 September 5000 22 33 New Caledonia 2011 XIV Nouméa,​ New Caledonia 27 August – 10 September 4300 22 27 New Caledonia 2015 XV Port Moresby,​ Papua New Guinea 4–18 July 3700 24 28 Papua​ New Guinea 2019 XVI Apia,​ Samoa [13] 7–20 July 3500 24 26 New Caledonia 2023 XVII Honiara,​ Solomon Islands [14] 14–28 July TBD 24 24
Year Games Host Dates Athletes Nations Sports Top nation 1963 I Suva,​ Fiji 29 August – 8 September 646 13 10 Fiji 1966 II Nouméa,​ New Caledonia 8–18 December 1200 14 12 New Caledonia 1969 III Port Moresby,​ Papua New Guinea 13–23 August 1150 12 15 New Caledonia 1971 IV Papeete,​ Tahiti 25 August – 5 September 2000 14 17 New Caledonia 1975 V Tumon,​ Guam 1–10 August 1205 13 16 New Caledonia 1979 VI Suva,​ Fiji 28 August – 8 September 2672 19 18 New Caledonia 1983 VII Apia,​ Western Samoa 5–16 September 2500 15 13 New Caledonia 1987 VIII Nouméa,​ New Caledonia 8–20 December 1650 12 18 New Caledonia 1991 IX Port Moresby,​ Papua New Guinea 7–21 September 2000 16 17 Papua​ New Guinea 1995 X Papeete,​ Tahiti 25 August – 5 September 2000 12 25 New Caledonia 1999 XI Santa Rita,​ Guam 29 May – 12 June 3000+ 21 22 New Caledonia 2003 XII Suva,​ Fiji 28 June – 12 July 5000 22 32 New Caledonia 2007 XIII Apia,​ Samoa 25 August – 8 September 5000 22 33 New Caledonia 2011 XIV Nouméa,​ New Caledonia 27 August – 10 September 4300 22 27 New Caledonia 2015 XV Port Moresby,​ Papua New Guinea 4–18 July 3700 24 28 Papua​ New Guinea 2019 XVI Apia,​ Samoa [1] 7–20 July 3500 24 26 New Caledonia 2023 XVII Honiara,​ Solomon Islands [2] 14–28 July TBD 24 24