Ramon de la Sota y Llano (Castro Urdiales, January 20th, 1857 - Getxo, August 17th, 1936) was a Basque lawyer, industrialist, and prominent Basque nationalist activist. He was also the father of both Basque nationalist politician and financier Ramon de la Sota Aburto and Basque nationalist politician Manuel de la Sota "Txanka" .
Ramon de la Sota y Llano (Castro Urdiales, 1857ko urtarrilaren 20a - Getxo, 1936ko abuztuaren 17a) euskal enpresaburu, abokatu eta Eusko Alderdi Jeltzaleko politikari abertzale bat izan zen, bai eta Ramon de la Sota Aburto politikari abertzale eta finantza gizona nahiz Manuel de la Sota "Txanka" politikari abertzalearen aita ere.

Thanks to shipbuilding and mining business, he amount on of the largest fortunes in the Basque Country, and Spain.
Bere ontziola eta meatzaritza negozioei esker, Euskal Herria nahiz Espainiako dirutza handienetakoaren jabe zen.
The king of England bestowed on him the title of honour, so he liked being addressed as 'Sir' Ramon de la Sota.
Ingalaterrako erregeak berak ohorezko titulua eman zion, horregatik Sir Ramon de la Sota dei ziezaioten gustatzen zitzaion.
At the turn of the 20th century, he became a major driving forces behind the finances of the Basque Nationalist Party.
XIX. mendearen amaiera eta XX. mendearen hasiera artean euskal abertzaletasunaren bultzatzaile ekonomiko nagusienetakoa izan zen.
Ramon was born to Alejandro de la Sota, born in Portugalete, and Alejandra de Llano, born in Castro Urdiales.
Alejandro de la Sota (jaiotzez Portugaletekoa) eta Alejandra de Llano (jaiotzez Castro Urdialeskoa) anderearen semea zen.
He lived in his family's house at Muskiz for twenty years, and in 1868 he moved to Bilbao ahead of the Second Carlist War, where he took up studies in the ''Instituto Vizcaino''. He completed a Law degree in the Central University of Madrid.
Hogei urtez Muskiz udalerriko bere familiaren etxean bizi izan zen, eta 1868an Bigarren Karlistaldia hasi aurretik Bilbora joan eta bertako Bizkaitar Institutuan ikasi zuen, ondoren Madrilera zuzendu eta Madrilgo Unibertsitate Zentralean Zuzenbide ikasketak amaitu zituelarik.
On his comeback to Bilbao, he engaged in his professional activity.
Bilbora itzuli eta bere ibilbide profesionalari ekingo dio.
Ramon de la Sota married Catalina de Aburto, the daughter of a prominent trader in the Bilbao.
Hiri honetako merkatari baten alaba zen Catalina de Aburtorekin ezkondu zen.
See also
Ikus gainera
Ramon de la Sota Aburto History of the Basques
Ramon de la Sota Aburto Manuel de la Sota "Txanka" Ibaigane jauregia Jado plazako eraikina
Aurelio Gonzato, self-portrait, oil on board, 1948
Aurelio Gonzato, auto-erretratua, olioa kartoiaren gainean, 1948
Aurelio Gonzato (Chiasso, December 30th, 1914 – Massagno, May 12th, 2014) was a Swiss mosaicist and painter.
Aurelio Gonzato (Chiasso,1914ko abenduaren 30a, – Massagno, 2014ko maiatzaren 12a) mosaikogile eta pintore suitzar bat izan zen.
Biography
Biografia
Aurelio Gonzato, son of Carlo Gonzato and Maria Gonzato, was the eldest among ten brothers and sisters.
Aurelio Gonzato, Carlo Gonzato aitaren eta Maria Gonzato amaren semea, hamar seme-alabaren arteko zaharrena zen.
One of his brothers was the painter Guido Gonzato.
Bere anai-arrebetako bat Guido Gonzato pintorea zen.
Aurelio collaborated many times with his brother, who was a fundamental figure in his artistic development.
Aurelio Gonzato-k bere anaiarekin hainbatetan kolaboratu zuen eta, era berean, Guido anaia Aurelio-ren beraren garapen artistikoan oinarrizko figura bat izan zen.
Aurelio was very young when he started to focus on graphical and craft works in a self-taught way.
Aurelio oso gaztetan hasi zen lan grafikoak eta artisautza-lanak gauzatzen, modu autodidakta batean.
When he was 18-years-old he founded the artistic movement Arte decorativa razionale (Rational decorative art). This movement was the first among many other movements and associations he would later found.
18 urte zituela, Arte decorativa razionale (Arte dekoratibo razionala) mugimendua fundatu zuen, beranduago fundatuko zituen hainbat mugimendu eta asoziazioren arteko lehena.
At that time, he added a research on form and space to his figurative pictorial practice.
Aldi hartan, bere praktika piktoriko figuratiboari formaren eta espazioaren inguruko ikerketa bat gehitu zion.
This research made him closer to the researches of the abstractionists from Como.
Ikerketa honek Como-ko abstraktisten ikerketetara hurbildu zuen.
In fact, the dialogue between figuration and abstraction characterized Aurelio Gonzato's entire artistic production, and, most of all, his approach to religious figuration.
Hain zuzen ere, fiburatibitatearen eta abstrakzioaren arteko dialogoak Aurelio Gonzato-ren ekoizpen artistiko osoa ezagugarritu zuen, eta, batez ere, figurazio sakroarekiko bere hurbiltzea.
In 1936 he created and patented Futuristmetal, a system composed of metallic plane forms.
1936 urtean Futuristmetal sortu eta patentatu zuen. Futuristmetal metalezko forma lauz osatutako sistema bat zen.
Combined between them, this metallic plane forms permitted to build several figures.
Euren artean konbinatuta, metalezko forma lau hauek hainbat hainbat irudi eraikitzea ahalbidetzen zuten.
The aim of the Futuristmetal system was this: to be a source material to develop renewable and modifiable billboards.
Futuristmetal sistemaren helburua hau zen: iragarki-kartel berriztagarri eta eraldagarriak garatzeko abiapuntu-materiale izatea.
In 1940, Aurelio Gonzato moved to Rome and he inscribed himself in the art academy Accademia di San Luca.
1940 urtean Aurelio Gonzato Erroma-ra lekualdatu zen eta Accademia di San Luca akademian inskribatu zen.
In 1942, Aurelio returned to Switzerland and he followed his pictorial work.
1942 urtean Aurelio Suitza-ra itzuli zen eta bere ihardun piktorikoa jarraitu zuen.
Later, in the beginning of the 1950s, he moved between Venice, Ravenna and Aquileia in order to study the techniques of Byzantine mosaic.
Beranduago, berrogeita hamarreko hamarkadaren hasieran, mosaiko bizantiarraren teknikak ikasteko helburuz, Venezia, Ravenna eta Aquileia artean mugitu zen.
These studies helped him develop a personal understanding about mosaic: according to this understanding, the classical themes of religious figuration combined with an experimentation on form.
Ikasketa hauek mosaikoaren gaineko ulerkera propio bat garatzen lagundu zioten: ulerkera honen arabera, figurazio sakroaren gai klasikoak formaren gaineko esperimentazio batekin batzen ziren.
This experimentation was already present in the Futuristmetal system.
Esperimentazio hau Futuristmetal sisteman jada presente zegoen.
Aurelio Gonzato's mosaics can be found in many churches of the Ticino canton and Switzerland.
Aurelio Gonzato-ren mosaikoak Ticino kantoiko eta Suitzako hainbat elizatan aurki daitezke.
Main works
Lan nagusiak
Piani e corpi aerei, tempera on paper, 1932 Corpi aerei, tempera on paper, 1932 Astronave medica, tempera, 1933 Futuristmetal, metal modules, 1937 Sacra Famiglia, mosaic, Lugano, Salita Call Frati, 1951 San Nicolao in gloria, mosaic, Porza, Cappella Primavesi 1952 Ultima cena, mosaic, Lugano, Cappella Casa Pio X, 1956 Gesù Lavoratore, mosaic, Muralto, Casa parrocchiale, 1960 Madonna e angeli, mosaic, Chiasso, Piazza Camponovo, 1964 La tentazione, mosaic, Glarona, Piazza Brandt, 1965 Figure, pebble mosaic, Lugano, Piazza Amerio, 1967 Danza etrusca, mixed tempera on cardboard, 1975 Infinito, mosaic, Massagno, Piazza comunale, 1978 Composizione astratta, mosaic, Lugano, Piazza Pelloni, 1981 Via crucis 14 cappelle, mosaics, Mesocco, 1993-95
Piani e corpi aerei, tenpera paperaren gainean, 1932 Corpi aerei, tenpera paperaren gainean, 1932 Astronave medica, tenpera, 1933 Futuristmetal, metalezko moduluak, 1937 Sacra Famiglia, mosaikoa, Lugano, Salita dei Frati, 1951 San Nicolao in gloria, mosaikoa, Porza, Cappella Primavesi 1952 Ultima cena, mosaikoa, Lugano, Cappella Casa Pio X, 1956 Gesù Lavoratore, mosaikoa, Muralto, Casa parrocchiale, 1960 Madonna e angeli, mosaikoa, Chiasso, Piazza Camponovo, 1964 La tentazione, mosaikoa, Glarona, Piazza Brandt, 1965 Figure, harri-koskorrezko mosaikoa, Lugano, Piazza Amerio, 1967 Danza etrusca, tenpera mistoa kartoiaren gainean, 1975 Infinito, mosaikoa, Massagno, Piazza comunale, 1978 Composizione astratta, mosaikoa, Lugano, Piazza Pelloni, 1981 Via crucis 14 cappelle, mosaikoak, Mesocco, 1993-95
Documentary - Interview Documentary - Interview Swissbib, documents, https://www.swissbib.ch/Search/Results?lookfor=2%2gonzato%2C+ " 22%+OR+2%2aurelio+gonzato22%
Dokumental - elkarrizketa Dokumental - elkarrizketa Swissbib, dokumentuak, https://www.swissbib.ch/Search/Results?lookfor=%22gonzato%2C+ " %22+EDO+%22aurelio+gonzato%22
The siege of San Sebastian painting is located in San Telmo Museoa at San Sebastián.
The siege of San Sebastian koadroa Donostiako San Telmo Museoan dago.
It desribes the siege of San Sebastian in 1813 and was created by an unknown author in the 19th century.[1]
XIX. mendeko egile ezezagun batena da eta 1813an gertatu zen Donostiako setioa deskribatzen du.[1]
The siege of San Sebastian ocurred at the end of the Spanish Independence War, when the French army was retiring to France ,since 7 July of 1813 to the 8 September.[2] The siege finished with plundering and with burning of the whole city.
Donostiako setioa Espainiako Independentzia Gerra garaian gertatu zen, bukaeran armada frantsesa erretiratan atzera etortzen zenean, 1813ko uztailaren 7 eta Irailaren_8 artean hain zuzen ere.[2] Setioa hiriaren arpilatzeaz eta errausteaz amaitu zen.
Sword Dance (Basque: Ezpatadantzariak) is a painting by Basque painter Aurelio Arteta from 1913.
Ezpatadantzariak Aurelio Arteta euskal margolariarenaren koadroa da.
The painting is in the collection of the Museo de Bellas Artes de Álava, in Vitoria-Gasteiz.
1913an burutu zuen eta gaur egun Gasteizen, Arabako Arte Ederren Museoan, gordetzen da.
The sword dance is a form of Basque dance that comes from the Durango area and is danced for authorities and in the feast of Corpus Christi. Arteta, painted nationalist themes contribution by working people.
Euskal ikonografia baten egile gisa da ezaguna Arteta, eta iruditeria nazionalistari egindako ekarpen artean dago obra hau ere.
Sources
Gehiago irakurri
The list of countries obtaining independence from Spain is a list of countries that broke away from Spain for independence or incorporation into another country, as depicted in the map below.
Espainiatik independentzia lortu duten herrialdeen zerrenda iraganean Espainiaren menpe egon ziren eta gero independentzia lortu zuten Herrien zerrenda da, beheko mapan irudikatzen dena.
The name of the country is followed by the year of independence.
Herrialdearen izenaren ondoan haren independentziaren urtea agertzen da.
These processes came about at different periods and world regions starting in the 17th century (Portugal).
Europan prozesu horiek XVII. eta XVIII. mendean gertatu ziren, Amerikan eta Asian XIX. mendean, eta Afrikan XX. mendean.
Since its beginnings in the 16th century, the Spanish empire conquered new areas starting out from its Castilian core kingdom.
XVI. mendean sortu zenetik Espainiar Inperioak herrialde berriak bereganatu zituen, baina laster beste batzuk galdu ere.
In 1597, the Spanish (Castilian) crown lost the Netherlands (Holland).
1597an, esaterako, Herbehereak galdu zituen.
In 1640, Portugal split away after Philip II had incorporated it to its domains in 1581. A second independence tide came about following the Independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America and the Battle of Trafalgar that heralded the end of the Spanish Atlantic hegemony.
1640an, Penintsulan bertan, Filipe II.a erregeak 1581ean bere koroari lotutako Portugal banandu egin zen Habsburgoen koroatik. Bigarren independentzia uhina 13 Kolonien independentziak eta Trafalgarko guduaren ondorioek hauspotu zuten.
Venezuela (1811), under the influence of the Basque Enlightenment, sparked the independence movements of Central and Southern America, spearheaded by Simon Bolivar.
Venezuelak (1811n), euskal ilustrazioaren ideien eraginpean, Hego eta Erdialdeko Amerika osoko lurraldeen independentzia mugimenduak piztu zituen, Simon Bolivarrek gidatuta.
During the Spanish Restoration in the late 19th century, the last major colonies Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines detached from the metropolis with the support of the United States.
Berrezarkuntzako espainiar nazionalismo konstituzionalaren garaian, mende bukaeran, Espainiaren azken koloniatzat jotakoek independentzia lortu zuten, Kubak eta Filipinek, Estatu Batuen eraginpera erori baziren ere.
Since the 50s of the 20th century, Spain lost the last continental lands in Africa, with the exception of the outposts of Ceuta and Melilla, i.e. Equatorial Guinea and Western Sahara (see here independence proclamation).
50eko hamarkadatik aurrera, Espainiak Penintsulaz kanpoko azken lurralde kontinentalak galdu zituen, Afrikan: Ekuatore Ginea eta Mendebaldeko Sahara (ikus aldarrikapena) Metropolitik banantzeko prozesu horiek ez ziren beti prozesu garbiak izan, eta batzuetan lurraldeok beste herrialde edo lurralde bateko zati izatera pasa ziren.
List of countries obtaining independence from Spain
Espainiatik independentzia lortu duten herrialdeen zerrenda