# en/ted2020-10.xml.gz
# uz/ted2020-10.xml.gz
(src)="1"> With all the legitimate concerns about AIDS and avian flu -- and we 'll hear about that from the brilliant Dr. Brilliant later today -- I want to talk about the other pandemic , which is cardiovascular disease , diabetes , hypertension -- all of which are completely preventable for at least 95 percent of people just by changing diet and lifestyle .
(trg)="1.1"> CPID va qush gripi haqida qayg 'urishga asos bor va biz ular haqida bugun kechroq ajoyib Doktor ajoyibdan eshitamiz Hozir esa men boshqa pandemiya haqida gapiraman .
(trg)="1.2"> Yani yurak qon kassalliklari , qand kassalligi va yuqori qon bosimi Bularning hammasini oldini olish mumkin eng kamida 95 % odamlarning orasida .
(trg)="1.3"> Bunga erishish uchun chunchaki dieta va hayot tarzini o 'zgartirish kerak .
(src)="2.1"> And what 's happening is that there 's a globalization of illness occurring , that people are starting to eat like us , and live like us , and die like us .
(src)="2.2"> And in one generation , for example , Asia 's gone from having one of the lowest rates of heart disease and obesity and diabetes to one of the highest .
(src)="2.3"> And in Africa , cardiovascular disease equals the HIV and AIDS deaths in most countries .
(trg)="2.1"> Muammo shundaki , Kassalik globalizatsiyasi , yani dunyo bo 'ylab umumiylashuvi yuz bermoqda Odamlar bizga ( Amerikaliklarga ) o 'xshab ovqat yeydi , biz kabi yashaydi va huddi bizlardek vafot etadi .
(trg)="2.2"> Va bir avlodda , masalan , Osiyoda eng kam yurak kassaliklari , semizlik va qand kassaligi bor edi .
(trg)="2.3"> Hozir esa u eng yuqori darajaga ko 'tarilgan .
(trg)="2.4"> Va Afrikada yurak qon kasalliklari ko 'pgina davlatlardagi VICH va SPID sababchi bo 'lgan o 'lim bilan tenglashadi
(src)="3"> So there 's a critical window of opportunity we have to make an important difference that can affect the lives of literally millions of people , and practice preventive medicine on a global scale .
(trg)="3"> Man shuning uchun bizda juda muhim imkoniyat bor yani millionlan odamlarning hayotini o 'zgartiratish va butun dunyo bo 'ylab kasalliklarning oldini oladigan tibbiyotni amalga oshirish kerak bo 'ladi .
(src)="4"> Heart and blood vessel diseases still kill more people -- not only in this country , but also worldwide -- than everything else combined , and yet it 's completely preventable for almost everybody .
(trg)="4"> Yurak va qon kasalliklari hali ham ko 'pgina odamlarning umriga zomin bo 'layapti-Nafaqat bu davlatda , balki butun jahon bo 'ylab- hamma narsani qo 'shgandagidan ham ko 'p odamlarni o 'ldiradi va eng asosiysi hamma bu kasalliklarning oldini olsa bo 'ladi
(src)="5.1"> It 's not only preventable ; it 's actually reversible .
(src)="5.2"> And for the last almost 29 years , we 've been able to show that by simply changing diet and lifestyle , using these very high-tech , expensive , state-of-the-art measures to prove how powerful these very simple and low-tech and low-cost interventions can be like -- quantitative arteriography , before and after a year , and cardiac PET scans .
(trg)="5.1"> Bu nafaqat oldini olsa bo 'ladigan kasallik , aslida uni orqaga qaytarish ham mumkin .
(trg)="5.2"> Oxirgi 29 yil ichida biz shuni ko 'rsata oldikki , shunchaki turmush tarzi va ovqatlanishni o 'zgartirish bilan , qanchalik oddiy va texnologiyasiz hayotni saqlab qolish mumkinligini biz yuqori texnologiyalar va diqqa bilan hisoblash natijasida Xulosa qildik .
(trg)="5.3"> Avval , Arterigrafiya , avval va keyingi yillarda , va Yurak PET skanirovaniya tufayli
(src)="6"> We showed a few months ago -- we published the first study showing you can actually stop or reverse the progression of prostate cancer by making changes in diet and lifestyle , and 70 percent regression in the tumor growth , or inhibition of the tumor growth , compared to only nine percent in the control group .
(trg)="6.1"> Biz buni bir nech oy avval ko 'rsatdik va Yakuniy ishimizni nahsr ettik .
(trg)="6.2"> Bu izlanishlar aslida siz kasallikni to 'xta olishingiz yoki orqaga qaytara olishingiz mumkinligini Prostata raki misolida ko 'rsatadi .
(trg)="6.3"> Bu ovqatlanish va turmush tarzini o 'zgartirish orqali 70 % Rak o 'simini kamaytirish yoki to 'xtatib qo 'yishini isbotladi .
(trg)="6.4"> Biz bu izlanishni kontrol guruhdagi 9 % natija bilan solishtirdik
(src)="7"> And in the MRI and MR spectroscopy here , the prostate tumor activity is shown in red -- you can see it diminishing after a year .
(trg)="7"> Magnetic Resonance Spektrosopiya natijalari bu erda ko 'rsatilgan Prostata o 'smasi qizil rangda Siz bir yildna keyin uning kishirayib ketganini ko 'ra olasiz ( bu erda )
(src)="8.1"> Now there is an epidemic of obesity : two-thirds of adults and 15 percent of kids .
(src)="8.2"> What 's really concerning to me is that diabetes has increased 70 percent in the past 10 years , and this may be the first generation in which our kids live a shorter life span than we do .
(src)="8.3"> That 's pitiful , and it 's preventable .
(trg)="8.1"> Yana bir narsa bu semizlik epidemiyasi .
(trg)="8.2"> Katta odamlarning 2 dan 3 qismi va bolalarning 15 % da uchraydi .
(trg)="8.3"> Men uchun eng qayg 'ulisi shundaki , Qand kassaligining 70 % ga ko 'payishi Oxirgi 10 yil ichida sodir bo 'ldi , va bu avlod bolalari qisqaroq hayot kechiradigan avlodning birnichisiga aylanishi mumkin albatta , bizga nisbatan qolishtirganda .
(trg)="8.4"> Bu juda achinarli va oldini olsa bo 'ladi .
(src)="9.1"> Now these are not election returns , these are the people -- the number of the people who are obese by state , beginning in ' 85 , ' 86 , ' 87 -- these are from the CDC website -- ' 88 , ' 89 , ' 90 , ' 91 -- you get a new category -- ' 92 , ' 93 , ' 94 , ' 95 , ' 96 , ' 97 , ' 98 , ' 99 , 2000 , 2001 -- it gets worse .
(src)="9.2"> We 're kind of devolving .
(src)="9.3"> ( Laughter ) Now what can we do about this ?
(src)="9.4"> Well , you know , the diet that we 've found that can reverse heart disease and cancer is an Asian diet .
(trg)="9.1"> Bu raqamalr saylov natijalari emas , balki semiz odamlar soni shtatlar bo 'yicha , 85 , 86 , 87 chi yillardan boshlab Kassaliklarni Boshqarish Markazidan olingan ma 'lumot .
(trg)="9.2"> Yana 88 , 89 , 90 , va 91 yillar bu yerda yangi kategoriya boshlanadi- 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 va 96 yillar va 97 , 98 , 99 , 2000 , 2001 yillarga kelib ahvol yana ham og 'irlashgan .
(trg)="9.3"> Biz " rivojlanayapmiz " Biz nima qila olamiz ?
(trg)="9.4"> Xo 'sh , siz bilgandek dieta yurak kasalliklarini orqaga qaytara olsihni ko 'rsatdik Hamda , rakni .
(trg)="9.5"> Bu dieta Osiyoliklar dietasi orqali amalga oshirildi
(src)="10"> But the people in Asia are starting to eat like we are , which is why they 're starting to get sick like we are .
(trg)="10"> Lekin hozirda Osiyoliklar ham biz kabi ovqatlanishni boshlashgan va shuning uchun ham ularda kasalliklar ko 'paymoqda Huddi bizdagidek
(src)="11.1"> So I 've been working with a lot of the big food companies .
(src)="11.2"> They can make it fun and sexy and hip and crunchy and convenient to eat healthier foods , like -- I chair the advisory boards to McDonald 's , and PepsiCo , and ConAgra , and Safeway , and soon Del Monte , and they 're finding that it 's good business .
(trg)="11.1"> Shu sabable , men ko 'gina katta ovqat kompaniyalari bilan ishlayapman .
(trg)="11.2"> Sog 'lom ovqatlarni qiziqarli mazali va qulay ekanlgini ko 'rsatish ularning qo 'lidan keladi .
(trg)="11.3"> Men maslahat beruvchi rahbarlardan biriman , hususan Makdonalds va PepsiCo va ConAGra ba SAfeway lar uchun , va yaqinda Del MOnte ham shular qatoriga qo 'shildi .
(trg)="11.4"> Va ular mening fikrimni yaxhshi biznezga olib kelishini ta 'kidlayaptilar .
(src)="12.1"> The salads that you see at McDonald 's came from the work -- they 're going to have an Asian salad .
(src)="12.2"> At Pepsi , two-thirds of their revenue growth came from their better foods .
(trg)="12.1"> Makdonaldslarda siz ko 'radigan salatlar bizning ishimiz natijasi bu Osiyoning Salatlaridan namuman bo 'ladi .
(trg)="12.2"> Pepsida esa , ularning foydasining 2 dan 3 qismi yaxshriqo mahsulotlaridan kelib chiqqan .
(src)="13.1"> And so if we can do that , then we can free up resources for buying drugs that you really do need for treating AIDS and HIV and malaria and for preventing avian flu .
(src)="13.2"> Thank you .
(trg)="13.1"> Va agar biz bunga erisha olsak , biz keyichalik dorilar resursini chindan ham kerakli bo 'lgan holatlar uchun yo 'naltira olamiz Masalan , SPID , VICH va Malariya kabi kasalliklarni davolash uchun hamda , qush gripining oldini olish uchun .
(trg)="13.2"> Rahmat .
# en/ted2020-1044.xml.gz
# uz/ted2020-1044.xml.gz
(src)="1"> My big idea is a very , very small idea that can unlock billions of big ideas that are at the moment dormant inside us .
(trg)="1.1"> Mening katta g 'oyam juda ham kichik g 'oya .
(trg)="1.2"> U ayni paytda ichimizda uxlab yotgan milliardlab ulkan g 'oyalarni uyg 'ota oladi .
(src)="2"> And my little idea that will do that is sleep .
(trg)="2"> Shu ishni bajardigan mening kichkina bir g 'oyam uyqudir .
(src)="3"> ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) This is a room of type A women .
(trg)="3"> ( Kulgi ) ( Qarsaklar ) Bu ayollar to 'la xona .
(src)="4"> This is a room of sleep-deprived women .
(trg)="4"> Bu uyqusi kam ayollar to 'la xona .
(src)="5"> And I learned the hard way the value of sleep .
(trg)="5"> Men qiyin usulni o 'rgandim- uyqining qadrini .
(src)="6"> Two-and-a-half years ago , I fainted from exhaustion .
(trg)="6"> Ikki yarim yil oldin men juda ko 'p charchaganim sababli hushimdan ketdim .
(src)="7"> I hit my head on my desk .
(trg)="7"> Boshimni stolga urib oldim , chakka suyagim sindi ,
(src)="8"> I broke my cheekbone , I got five stitches on my right eye .
(trg)="8"> o 'ng ko 'zimda chiziq bo 'ldi .
(src)="9"> And I began the journey of rediscovering the value of sleep .
(trg)="9"> Men uyquning qiymatini qayta anglash safarini boshladim .
(src)="10"> And in the course of that , I studied , I met with medical doctors , scientists , and I 'm here to tell you that the way to a more productive , more inspired , more joyful life is getting enough sleep .
(trg)="10"> Shu borada , men bu haqida o 'qidim , shifokorlar , olimlar bilan uchrashdim va sizlraga shuni aytmoqchiman , unumliroq , g 'ayratli , quvonchli hayotga bo 'lgan yo 'l yetarlicha uxlashdir .
(src)="11"> ( Applause ) And we women are going to lead the way in this new revolution , this new feminist issue .
(trg)="11"> ( Qarsaklar ) Biz ayollar bu yangi inqilobda , bu yangi feminist masalasida yo 'l boshlamoqchimiz .
(src)="12"> We are literally going to sleep our way to the top -- literally -- ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) because unfortunately , for men , sleep deprivation has become a virility symbol .
(trg)="12.1"> Yuqoriga bo 'lgan yo 'limizga uhlab boramiz .
(trg)="12.2"> ( Kulgi ) ( Qarsaklar ) Afsuski , erkaklar uchun uyqusizlik erkaklarga hos ramz bo 'lib qolgan .
(src)="13"> I was recently having dinner with a guy who bragged that he had only gotten four hours sleep the night before .
(trg)="13.1"> Yaqinda , bir yigit bilan birga kechki ovqatda bo 'ldim .
(trg)="13.2"> U bir tun avval to 'rt soatgina uhlaganini maqtanib aytib bergandi .
(src)="14"> And I felt like saying to him -- but I didn 't say -- I felt like saying , " You know what ? if you had gotten five , this dinner would have been a lot more interesting . "
(trg)="14"> Va men unga shunday degim keldi , -- lekin aytmadim -- shunday degim keldi , " Bilasizmi ? agar besh soat uxlaganingizda , bu kechki ovqatdagi suhbatimiz ancha qiziqarliroq bo 'lar edi . "
(src)="15"> ( Laughter ) There is now a kind of sleep deprivation one-upmanship .
(trg)="15"> ( Kulgi ) Hozirgi paytda , uyqusizlikning shunday turi bor - yakka kurashish .
(src)="16"> Especially here in Washington , if you try to make a breakfast date , and you say , " How about eight o 'clock ? "
(trg)="16"> Ayniqsa bu yerda Washingtonda , nonushtaga kim bilandir uchrashmoqchi bo 'lsangiz , siz " Soat sakkiz sizga to 'g 'ri keladimi ? " deb so 'raysiz ,
(src)="17"> they 're likely to tell you , " Eight o 'clock is too late for me , but that 's OK , I can get a game of tennis in and do a few conference calls and meet you at eight . "
(trg)="17"> ehtimol ular sizga , " Soat sakkiz men uchun juda kech , lekin , mayli , ungacha tennis o 'ynab olaman va biroz konferents aloqada bo 'laman , so 'ngra siz bilan soat sakkizda uchrashaman . "
(src)="18"> And they think that means they are so incredibly busy and productive , but the truth is , they 're not , because we , at the moment , have had brilliant leaders in business , in finance , in politics , making terrible decisions .
(trg)="18.1"> Ularning fikricha , bu ularning haddan ortiq band va mehnat sevarligini anglatadi , Haqiqatda esa , unday emas .
(trg)="18.2"> Chunki shu kunlarda biz tijorat , moliya , siyosat sohalarida juda o 'tkir qarorlar qabul qiladigan ajoyib rahbarlarni ko 'rganmiz .
(src)="19"> So a high IQ does not mean that you 're a good leader , because the essence of leadership is being able to see the iceberg before it hits the Titanic .
(trg)="19"> Yuqori test balli sizning yaxshi rahbarligingizni anglatmaydi , chunki rahbarlikning asosi Titanikka to 'qnashishidan oldin , muz qoyasini ko 'ra bilishdadir .
(src)="20"> ( Laughter ) And we 've had far too many icebergs hitting our Titanics .
(trg)="20"> Bizda esa Titaniklarga to 'qnashgan juda ham ko 'p muz qoyalari bo 'ldi .
(src)="21"> In fact , I have a feeling that if Lehman Brothers was Lehman Brothers and Sisters , they might still be around .
(trg)="21"> Aslida , menda shunday tuyg 'u bor : agar Lehman aka-ukalari Lehman aka-uka va opa-singillari bo 'lganida , ular hali ham shu atrofda bo 'lar edi .
(src)="22"> ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) While all the brothers were busy just being hyper-connected 24 / 7 , maybe a sister would have noticed the iceberg , because she would have woken up from a seven-and-a-half- or eight-hour sleep , and have been able to see the big picture .
(trg)="22.1"> ( Qarsaklar ) Hamma aka-ukalar sutkasiga 24 soatu , haftasiga 7 kunlab juda , juda bog 'lanib qolishganida , balki opasi yoki singlisi muz qoyasini ko 'rgan bo 'lar edi .
(trg)="22.2"> Chunki , u yetti yarim yoki sakkiz soatli uyqudan uyg 'onib oldindagi katta rasmni ko 'ra olar edi .
(src)="23"> So as we are facing all the multiple crises in our world at the moment , what is good for us on a personal level , what 's going to bring more joy , gratitude , effectiveness in our lives and be the best for our own careers , is also what is best for the world .
(trg)="23.1"> Shunday qilib , ayni paytda dunyoda ko 'plab inqirozlarga yuz tutyapmiz .
(trg)="23.2"> Bu bizga shahsan yaxshi , hayotimizga ko 'proq quvonch , minnatdorchilik , ishlarda foydalik olib keladi va o 'zimizning ish sohamizda eng zo 'r bo 'lishimiz dunyo uchun ham eng yaxshi bo 'lgan hususiyatdir .
(src)="24"> So I urge you to shut your eyes , and discover the great ideas that lie inside us ; to shut your engines and discover the power of sleep .
(trg)="24"> Men sizni ko 'zlaringizni yumib , bizning ichimizda yotgan buyuk g 'oyalarni anglashingizga , hamda dvigatelni o 'chirib , uyquning kuchini anglashigizga da 'vat etaman .
(src)="25"> Thank you .
(trg)="25"> Rahmat !
(src)="26"> ( Applause )
(trg)="26"> ( Qarsaklar )
# en/ted2020-1075.xml.gz
# uz/ted2020-1075.xml.gz
(src)="1"> I want you to take a look at this baby .
(trg)="1"> Bu chaqaloqqa e 'tiboringizni qarating .
(src)="2"> What you 're drawn to are her eyes and the skin you love to touch .
(trg)="2"> Sizning e 'tiboringizni jalb qilgan narsa chaqaloqning ko 'zlari va siz ushlashni yaxshi ko 'radigan terisi .
(src)="3"> But today I 'm going to talk to you about something you can 't see .
(trg)="3"> Bugun esa , sizlar ko 'ra olmaydigan narsa haqida gapirmoqchiman ,
(src)="4"> What 's going on up in that little brain of hers .
(trg)="4"> bu chaqaloqning kichkina miyasida nimalar sodir bo 'layotgani haqida gapiraman .
(src)="5"> The modern tools of neuroscience are demonstrating to us that what 's going on up there is nothing short of rocket science .
(trg)="5"> Bu miyada sodir bo 'laytigan narsalar raketashunoslik ilmidan hech ham kam emasligini bizga nevrologiyaning zamonaviy asboblari ko 'rsatib beryapdi .
(src)="6"> And what we 're learning is going to shed some light on what the romantic writers and poets described as the " celestial openness " of the child 's mind .
(trg)="6"> Va biz o 'rganayotganimiz romantik yozuvchi va shoirlar bolaning fikridagi " samoviy yorqinlik " deb tasvirlagan holat haqida tushuncha beradi .
(src)="7"> What we see here is a mother in India , and she 's speaking Koro , which is a newly discovered language .
(trg)="7"> Ko 'rib turganingiz Hindistondagi ona , u yangi kashf qilingan til - Koro tilida gapiryapdi .
(src)="8"> And she 's talking to her baby .
(trg)="8.1"> Va u chaqalog 'iga gapiryapdi .
(trg)="8.2"> Bu ona va
(src)="9"> What this mother -- and the 800 people who speak Koro in the world -- understands is that , to preserve this language , they need to speak it to the babies .
(trg)="9"> Koro tilida gapiradigan dunyodagi 800 ta odamlar -- bu tilni saqlab qolish uchun chaqaloqlariga shu tilda gapirish kerakligini biladilar .
(src)="10"> And therein lies a critical puzzle .
(trg)="10"> Bunda dolzarb jumboq bor .
(src)="11"> Why is it that you can 't preserve a language by speaking to you and I , to the adults ?
(trg)="11"> Nima uchun siz o 'zingizga va menga , ya 'ni o 'smirlarga , gapirish orqali tilni saqlay olmaysiz ?
(src)="12"> Well , it 's got to do with your brain .
(trg)="12"> Ho 'p , bu miyangizga bog 'liqdir .
(src)="13"> What we see here is that language has a critical period for learning .
(trg)="13"> Tilni o 'rganish uchun dolzarb davr borligini bu yerda ko 'rib turibmiz .
(src)="14"> The way to read this slide is to look at your age on the horizontal axis .
(trg)="14"> Bu sahifani o 'qish usuli gorizontal chziqdagi yoshingizga qarashdir .
(src)="15"> ( Laughter ) And you 'll see on the vertical your skill at acquiring a second language .
(trg)="15"> ( Kulgi ) Va vertikal chiziqda ikkinchi tilni o 'rganishga bo 'lgan qobiliyatingizni ko 'rasiz .
(src)="16"> The babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven , and then there 's a systematic decline .
(trg)="16"> Chaqaloqlar va yosh bolalar yetti yoshga chiqquncha dahodirlar , undan so 'ngra muntazam ravishda sustlashish bo 'ladi .
(src)="17"> After puberty , we fall off the map .
(trg)="17"> Yetuklikdan so 'ng , mashhurlikni yo 'qotamiz .
(src)="18"> No scientists dispute this curve , but laboratories all over the world are trying to figure out why it works this way .
(trg)="18"> Hech qaysi olimlar bu qiyalik haqida bahs qilmaydi , ammo butun dunyodagi laboratoriyalar buning nima uchun bunday usulda ishlashini aniqlashga harakat qilmoqdalar .
(src)="19"> Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development , and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language .
(trg)="19"> Mening laboratoriyamdagi ish rivojlanishdagi birinchi dolzarb davrga e 'tibor beradi -- va ayni o 'sha davrda chaqaloqlar o 'zlarining tilida qaysi tovushlar ishlatilishini o 'rganishga harakat qiladilar .
(src)="20"> We think , by studying how the sounds are learned , we 'll have a model for the rest of language , and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social , emotional and cognitive development .
(trg)="20.1"> Bizning fikrimizcha , chaqaloqlar tovushlarni qanday o 'rganishini o 'rganishimiz oqrali tilning boshqa rivojlanishiga nushamiz bo 'ladi .
(trg)="20.2"> Balki , shu bilan birga muomala , hissiyot va ong rivojlanishi uchun bolalikdagi dolzarb davrlarga ham nushamiz bo 'ladi .
(src)="21"> So we 've been studying the babies using a technique that we 're using all over the world and the sounds of all languages .
(trg)="21"> Shunday qilib , biz butun dunyoda qo 'llayotgan usul bilan chaqaloqlarni va hamma tillardagi tovushlarni o 'rganyapmiz .
(src)="22"> The baby sits on a parent 's lap , and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes -- like from " ah " to " ee . "
(trg)="22"> Chaqaloq ota yoki onasining tizzasida o 'tiradi va biz ularni tovush o 'zgarganda , masalan , " ah " dan " ee " ga , -- masalan , " ah " dan " ee " Agar ular o 'z vaqtida shunday boshini burishsa ,
(src)="23"> If they do so at the appropriate time , the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum .
(trg)="23"> qora quti yorib ketadi va panda ayig 'i baraban chaladi .
(src)="24"> A six-monther adores the task .
(trg)="24"> Olti oylik chaqaloq bu vazifani juda sevadi .
(src)="25"> What have we learned ?
(trg)="25"> Ho 'sh , bundan nima o 'rgandik ?
(src)="26"> Well , babies all over the world are what I like to describe as " citizens of the world . "
(trg)="26"> Butun dunyodagi chaqaloqlar , mening tasvirlashimcha , dunyo fuqarolaridir ;
(src)="27"> They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages , no matter what country we 're testing and what language we 're using , and that 's remarkable because you and I can 't do that .
(trg)="27.1"> biz buni qaysi davlatda tekshirayotganimiz va qaysi tilni ishlatayotganimizdan qat 'iy nazar chaqaloqlar hamma tillardagi hamma tovushlarni ajrata oladilar .
(trg)="27.2"> Bu juda ham hayratlanarli , chunki siz va men buni bajara olmaymiz .
(src)="28"> We 're culture-bound listeners .
(trg)="28.1"> Bizlar madaniyatga bo 'glanib tinglaguvchilarmiz .
(trg)="28.2"> Bizlar chet tillaridagi tovushlarni emas ,
(src)="29"> We can discriminate the sounds of our own language , but not those of foreign languages .
(trg)="29.1"> faqat o 'z tilimizdagi tovushlarni ajarata olamiz .
(trg)="29.2"> Ho 'sh , shunday savol keladi :
(src)="30"> So the question arises : When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are ?
(trg)="30"> dunyoning shu fuqarolari qachon tilga bog 'liq tinglovchilarga aylanadi ?
(src)="31"> And the answer : before their first birthdays .
(trg)="31"> Javob esa bunday : birinchi tug 'ilgan kunlaridan avval .
(src)="32"> What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States , here in Seattle , as they listened to " ra " and " la " -- sounds important to English , but not to Japanese .
(trg)="32"> Mana bu ko 'rib turganingiz Tokyo va AQSH dagi Seattle shahrida , yapon tili emas , balki ingliz tili uchun muhim bo 'lgan " ra " va " la " tovushlarini tinglaganda , chaqaloqlarning boshni burish bo 'yicha bajargan vazifasi .
(src)="33"> So at six to eight months , the babies are totally equivalent .
(trg)="33"> Olti oylikdan sakkiz oylikkacha bo 'lgan chaqaloqlar butunlay bir xil .
(src)="34"> Two months later , something incredible occurs .
(trg)="34"> Ikki oy keyin hayratlanarli narsa sodir bo 'ladi .
(src)="35"> The babies in the United States are getting a lot better , babies in Japan are getting a lot worse , but both of those groups of babies are preparing for exactly the language that they are going to learn .
(trg)="35.1"> AQSH dagi chaqaloqlar bu vazifani ancha yaxshi bajara boshlaydilar , Yaponiyadagi chaqaloqlar esa ancha yomon bajaradilar , lekin chaqaloqlarning bu ikkala guruhi ham ayni o 'zlari o 'rganmoqchi bo 'lgan tilga tayyorlanyar .
(trg)="35.2"> Ho 'sh , savol bunday , bu muhim
(src)="36"> So the question is : What 's happening during this critical two-month period ?
(trg)="36"> ikki oy mobaynida nima sodir bo 'lyapdi ?
(src)="37"> This is the critical period for sound development , but what 's going on up there ?
(trg)="37"> Bu tovush rivojlanishi uchun juda dolzarb davr , ammo u yerda nima sodir bo 'lyapdi ?
(src)="38"> So there are two things going on .
(trg)="38"> U yerda ikkita narsa sodir bo 'lyapdi .
(src)="39"> The first is that the babies are listening intently to us , and they 're taking statistics as they listen to us talk -- they 're taking statistics .
(trg)="39.1"> Birinchisi chaqaloqlar bizlarni biror maqsad bilan tinglayapdi , ular bizlarning gapirishimizni tinglab , statistik ma 'lumot olyapdilar -- ha , ular statistic ma 'lumot olyapdilar .
(trg)="39.2"> Chaqaloqlarning tilida gapirayotgan ikkita onaning gapini eshiting --
(src)="40"> So listen to two mothers speaking motherese -- the universal language we use when we talk to kids -- first in English and then in Japanese .
(trg)="40"> bu biz yosh bolalar bilan gaplashadigan umumiy til -- birinchisi ingliz tilida va keyingisi yapon tilida .
(src)="41"> ( Video ) Ah , I love your big blue eyes -- so pretty and nice .
(trg)="41"> ( Video ) Ingliz ona : Oh , sening katta moviy ko 'zlaringni sevaman -- naqadar go 'zal va ajoyib ,
(src)="42"> ( Japanese ) Patricia Kuhl : During the production of speech , when babies listen , what they 're doing is taking statistics on the language that they hear .
(trg)="42"> yapon ona : ( yaponchada ) Patricia Kuhl : Nutq hosil qilish paytida , chaqaloqlar tinglaganida , ular eshitayotgan tili haqida statistic ma 'lumotlar olyapdilar .
(src)="43"> And those distributions grow .
(trg)="43"> Bu masofalar ortib boraveradi .
(src)="44"> And what we 've learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics , and the statistics of Japanese and English are very , very different .
(trg)="44"> Biz chaqaloqlarning statistik ma 'lumotga e 'tiborchan ekanligini anglab yetdik , yapon va ingliz tillarining statistikasi esa bir biridadn juda , juda farq qiladi .
(src)="45"> English has a lot of Rs and Ls .
(trg)="45"> Bu chizma-masofa ko 'rsatishi bo 'yicha
(src)="46"> The distribution shows .
(trg)="46"> ingliz tilida ko 'p R va L tovushlari bor .
(src)="47"> And the distribution of Japanese is totally different , where we see a group of intermediate sounds , which is known as the Japanese " R. "
(trg)="47"> Yapon tilidagi tovushlarning tarqalishi butunlay boshqacha , Yaponcha R deb ma 'lum bo 'lgan , bir necha o 'rta tovushlar borligini ko 'rib turibmiz .
(src)="48"> So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains ; it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are .
(trg)="48"> Shunday qilib , chaqaloqlar tilning statistikasini ongiga singdirib oladilar va bu ularning miyalarini o 'zgartiradi ; ularni dunyo fuqarolaridan huddi biz kabi madaniyatga bog 'langan tinglovchilarga aylantiradi .
(src)="49"> But we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics .
(trg)="49"> Ammo , biz o 'smirlar ana o 'sha statistikani bundan buyon ongimizga singdirmayapmiz .
(src)="50"> We are governed by the representations in memory that were formed early in development .
(trg)="50"> Chunki ongimizda rivojlanishning ilk davrida shakllangan tushunchalar bizlarni boshqaradi .
(src)="51"> So what we 're seeing here is changing our models of what the critical period is about .
(trg)="51"> Mana bu ko 'rib turganimiz esa til rivojlanishi uchun dolzarb davr nima haqidaligi bo 'yicha modelimizni o 'zgartiryapdi .
(src)="52"> We 're arguing from a mathematical standpoint that the learning of language material may slow down when our distributions stabilize .
(trg)="52"> Matematik nuqtai nazardan muhokama qilishimiz bo 'yicha bu chizmadagi masofamiz bir tekis bo 'lganda til o 'rganish sekinlashishi mumkin .
(src)="53"> It 's raising lots of questions about bilingual people .
(trg)="53"> Bu esa ikki tilda gapiruvchi insonlar haqida ko 'p savollarni keltirib chiqaradi .
(src)="54"> Bilinguals must keep two sets of statistics in mind at once and flip between them , one after the other , depending on who they 're speaking to .
(trg)="54"> Ikki tilda gapiruvchi insonlar bir paytning o 'zida ikkita statistikani onglarida saqlashi shart va kim bilan gaplashayotganligiga qarab , bitta statistikadan keyin boshqasini almashtirishlari kerak .
(src)="55"> So we asked ourselves , can the babies take statistics on a brand new language ?
(trg)="55"> Biz o 'zimizga shunday savol berdik , chaqaloqlar butunlay yangi tilning statistikasini qabul qila oladilarmi ?
(src)="56"> And we tested this by exposing American babies who 'd never heard a second language to Mandarin for the first time during the critical period .
(trg)="56"> Buni hech qachon ikkinchi til eshitmagan Amerikalik chaqaloqlarni til rivojlanishining dolzarb paytida ilk bor Mandarin tilini eshittirish orqali sinab ko 'rdik .
(src)="57"> We knew that , when monolinguals were tested in Taipei and Seattle on the Mandarin sounds , they showed the same pattern .
(trg)="57"> Taipei va Seattleda Mandarin tilining tovushlari bo 'yicha bir tilda gapiruvchilarni tekshirganimizda ular huddi shunday nusxani ko 'rsatdi .
(src)="58"> Six to eight months , they 're totally equivalent .
(trg)="58"> 6-8 oyliklar butunlay bir xil .
(src)="59"> Two months later , something incredible happens .
(trg)="59"> Ikki oy so 'ngra , g 'aroyib narsa sodir bo 'ladi .
(src)="60"> But the Taiwanese babies are getting better , not the American babies .
(trg)="60"> Amerikalik chaqaloqlar emas , balki taiwanlik chaqaloqlar tovushlarni ancha yaxshi ajratyapdi .
(src)="61"> What we did was expose American babies , during this period , to Mandarin .
(trg)="61"> Shu davrda Amerikalik chaqaloqlarga Mandarin tilini eshitdirdik .