# en/ted2020-1438.xml.gz
# ga/ted2020-1438.xml.gz
(src)="1"> Four years ago today , exactly , actually , I started a fashion blog called Style Rookie .
(trg)="1"> Ceithre bliana ón lá inniu , mar a tharlaíonn sé , bhunaigh mé blag faisean dár teideal Style Rookie .
(src)="2"> Last September of 2011 , I started an online magazine for teenage girls called Rookiemag.com .
(trg)="2"> Meán Fomhair seo caite , i 2011 , bhunaigh mé iris ar líne dírithe ar chailiní sna déagóirí dár teideal rookiemag.com
(src)="3.1"> My name 's Tavi Gevinson , and the title of my talk is " Still Figuring It Out , " and the MS Paint quality of my slides was a total creative decision in keeping with today 's theme , and has nothing to do with my inability to use PowerPoint .
(src)="3.2"> ( Laughter ) So I edit this site for teenage girls .
(src)="3.3"> I 'm a feminist .
(trg)="3.1"> Tavi Gevinson is ainm dom , agus is é teideal na hóráide seo ná " Fós ag Iarraidh é a Oibrigh Amach " agus ba chinneadh cruthaitheach amach is amach é MS Peint a úsáid ar mo shleamhnáin , chun cloí le téama an lae , agus níl sé fíor nach féidir liom PowerPoint a úsáid .
(trg)="3.2"> ( Gáire ) Cuirim an suíomh do chailiní sna déagoirí seo in eagar .
(src)="4.1"> I am kind of a pop culture nerd , and I think a lot about what makes a strong female character , and , you know , movies and TV shows , these things have influence .
(src)="4.2"> My own website .
(trg)="4.1"> Is feimineach mé .
(trg)="4.2"> Is cineál neird an chultúir pobail mé , agus smaoiním go minic ar cad is carachtar baineann atá láidir ann , agus , bíonn tionchar ag scannáin agus ag cláir teilifíse .
(trg)="4.3"> Mó shuíomh idirlíne féin .
(src)="5"> So I think the question of what makes a strong female character often goes misinterpreted , and instead we get these two-dimensional superwomen who maybe have one quality that 's played up a lot , like a Catwoman type , or she plays her sexuality up a lot , and it 's seen as power .
(trg)="5"> Mar sin , ceapaim nach bhfuil freagair ró-shoiléir ar an gceist " Cad is carachtar baininscneach atá láidir ann ? " agus mar fhreagra , faighimid na spéirmná follasacha seo a bhfuil tréith amháin acu a chuirtear chun tosaigh é , carachtair cosúil le Catwoman a chuireann a cuid collaíochta chun tosaigh , agus feictear ar sin mar chumhacht .
(src)="6"> But they 're not strong characters who happen to be female .
(trg)="6"> Ach ní carachtair láidir iad atá bainscneach i chomh maith ,
(src)="7"> They 're completely flat , and they 're basically cardboard characters .
(trg)="7"> tá siad go hiomlán lom , agus is carachtair aontaobhacha iad don chuid is mó .
(src)="8.1"> The problem with this is that then people expect women to be that easy to understand , and women are mad at themselves for not being that simple , when , in actuality , women are complicated , women are multifaceted -- not because women are crazy , but because people are crazy , and women happen to be people .
(src)="8.2"> ( Laughter ) So the flaws are the key .
(trg)="8.1"> Is é an fhadhb atá le seo ná go gcreideann daoine ansin go bhfuil sé chomh éasca sin mná a thuiscint agus braitheann mná feargach orthu féin ós rud é nach bhfuil siad chomh shimplí sin , nuair , mar a tharlaíonn sé , tá mná casta , tá mná iltaobhacha -- ní go bhfuil mná ar mire ach bíonn daoine ar mire , agus is daoine iad mná .
(trg)="8.2"> ( Gáire ) Mar sin , is iad na lochtanna na gnéithe is tábhachtaí .
(src)="9"> I 'm not the first person to say this .
(trg)="9"> Nílim an chéad duine chun é seo a rá .
(src)="10"> What makes a strong female character is a character who has weaknesses , who has flaws , who is maybe not immediately likable , but eventually relatable .
(trg)="10"> Is é atá taobh thiar don charachtar bainiscneach atá láidir ná carachtar a bhfuil laige aici , a bhfuil lochtanna aici , duine nach dtaithníonn sí leat i dtús , ach is féidir í a thuiscint ag an deireadh .
(src)="11"> I don 't like to acknowledge a problem without also acknowledging those who work to fix it , so just wanted to acknowledge shows like " Mad Men , " movies like " Bridesmaids , " whose female characters or protagonists are complex , multifaceted .
(trg)="11"> Ní mhaith liom aitheantas a thabhairt don fhadhb seo gan dóibh siúd a obríonn chun é a réiteach a luath , mar sin , ba mhaith liom cláir cosúil le " Mad Men " a luath , scannáin cosúil le " Bridemaids " a bhfuil carachtair baininscneacha nó príomhcharachtair atá casta , iltaobhacha le fáil iontu .
(src)="12"> Lena Dunham , who 's on here , her show on HBO that premiers next month , " Girls , " she said she wanted to start it because she felt that every woman she knew was just a bundle of contradictions , and that feels accurate for all people , but you don 't see women represented like that as much .
(trg)="12"> Lena Dunham , atá ar fáil anseo , a clár ar HBO " Girls , " a thosaíonn an mhí seo chugainn , dúirt sí gur theastaigh uaithi an clár a chruthú mar bhraith sí gur mhéascan do chosarsnachtaí ab ea gach bean a raibh aithne aici uirthi , agus tá sé sin fíor do gach duine , ach ní fhaigheann tú an léargas sin ar mhná .
(src)="13.1"> Congrats , guys .
(src)="13.2"> ( Laughs ) But I don 't feel that — I still feel that there are some types of women who are not represented that way , and one group that we 'll focus on today are teens , because I think teenagers are especially contradictory and still figuring it out , and in the ' 90s there was " Freaks and Geeks " and " My So-Called Life , " and their characters , Lindsay Weir and Angela Chase , I mean , the whole premise of the shows were just them trying to figure themselves out , basically , but those shows only lasted a season each , and I haven 't really seen anything like that on TV since .
(trg)="13.1"> Comhghairdeachas , a chairde .
(trg)="13.2"> Ach ní bhraithim é sin - Braithim go bhfuil grupaí ban ann nár chuirtear ós ár gcomhair sa tslí sin agus dirímid isteach ar dhéagoirí inniu , mar ceapaim go bhfuil déagóirí líon lán le codarsnachtaí agus go bhfuil siad ag iarraidh gach rud a oibrigh amach , agus sna 90idí bhí " Freaks and Geeks " againn agus " My So-Called Life " agus a gcarachtair againn , Lindsay Weir agus Angela Chase , againn Ba é bunchloch na gclár seo ná na daoine a bhí ag iarraidh iad féin a oibrigh amach , a bheag nó a mhór , ach níor mhair na cláir seo ach ar feadh sraith amháin ach ní fhaca mé aon rud mar sin ar an teilifís go dtí seo .
(src)="14"> So this is a scientific diagram of my brain — ( Laughter ) — around the time when I was , when I started watching those TV shows .
(trg)="14"> Anois , seo léaráid eolaíoch don inchinn agam - ( Gáire ) ón uair nuair a bhíos , nuair a thosnaíos ag féachaint ar na cláir seo .
(src)="15"> I was ending middle school , starting high school -- I 'm a sophomore now — and I was trying to reconcile all of these differences that you 're told you can 't be when you 're growing up as a girl .
(trg)="15"> Bhí an scoil mhéanach ag teacht chun deireadh , bhíos ag tosnú san ardscoil -- Is sofamór anois mé agus bhíos ag iarraidh tabhairt chun réiteach na codarsnachtaí a deirtear leat nach féidir iad a réitiú nuair a fhásann tú aníos mar chailín .
(src)="16"> You can 't be smart and pretty .
(trg)="16"> Ní féidir bheith eirimiúil agus dathúil
(src)="17"> You can 't be a feminist who 's also interested in fashion .
(trg)="17"> Ní féidir bheith i do fheimineach a bhfuil suim agat san fhaisean .
(src)="18"> You can 't care about clothes if it 's not for the sake of what other people , usually men , will think of you .
(trg)="18"> Ní féidir suim a bheith agat in éadaí nuair is cuma leat cad a cheapann daoine eile , fir ach go háirithe , fút .
(src)="19.1"> So I was trying to figure all that out , and I felt a little confused , and I said so on my blog , and I said that I wanted to start a website for teenage girls that was not this kind of one-dimensional strong character empowerment thing because I think one thing that can be very alienating about a misconception of feminism is that girls then think that to be a feminist , they have to live up to being perfectly consistent in your beliefs , never being insecure , never having doubts , having all of the answers .
(src)="19.2"> And this is not true , and , actually , reconciling all the contradictions I was feeling became easier once I understood that feminism was not a rulebook but a discussion , a conversation , a process , and this is a spread from a zine that I made last year when I -- I mean , I think I 've let myself go a bit on the illustration front since .
(trg)="19.1"> Bhíos ag iarraidh an méid sin a thabhairt chun réiteach agus bhí beagánín mearbhall orm , agus dúirt mé é sin ar mo bhlag , agus dúirt mé gur theastaigh uaim suíomh idirlíne dírithe ar chailíní sna déagóirí a bhunú agus níor bhain sé seo le cumhacht an charachtair láidre aontaobhacha mar ceapaim go gcuirfeadh misthuiscint áirithe faoin fheimineachas as do dhaoine nuair a chreideann cailiní , chun a bheith in bhfeiminigh , go gcaithfidh siad cloí go dlúth lena gcuid prionsabail , agus nach bhfuil cead acu beith neamhchinnte , amhrasach , go caithfidh na freagraí ar fad a bheith acu .
(trg)="19.2"> Agus níl sé sin fíor , agus bhí sé níos éasca na codarsnachtaí seo a réitiú nuair a thuigeas ní leabair rialacha í an fheimineachas ach plé , comhrá , próiseas , agus seo sliocht as zín a rinne mé an bhliain seo caite nuair a -- Tá meath tagtha ar mo scileanna léaráide ón uair sin .
(src)="20"> But , yeah .
(trg)="20"> Ach pé scéal é .
(src)="21"> So I said on my blog that I wanted to start this publication for teenage girls and ask people to submit their writing , their photography , whatever , to be a member of our staff .
(trg)="21"> Dúirt mé ar mo bhlag gur theastaigh uaim an fhoilseachán seo a chur le chéile do chailiní sna déagóirí agus d 'iarr mé ar dhaoine a gcuid scríbhneoireachta , grianghraifadóireachta , cibé rud , a thabhairt isteacht , chun a bheith ina bhall don fhoireann .
(src)="22"> I got about 3,000 emails .
(trg)="22"> Fuaireas tuairim is 3,000 rphoist .
(src)="23"> My editorial director and I went through them and put together a staff of people , and we launched last September .
(trg)="23"> Chuaigh mé agus mo stúirtheoir eagarthóireachta tríd agus chuireamar foireann le chéile , agus d 'fhoilsíomar don chéad uair an Mhéan Fomhair seo caite .
(src)="24"> And this is an excerpt from my first editor 's letter , where I say that Rookie , we don 't have all the answers , we 're still figuring it out too , but the point is not to give girls the answers , and not even give them permission to find the answers themselves , but hopefully inspire them to understand that they can give themselves that permission , they can ask their own questions , find their own answers , all of that , and Rookie , I think we 've been trying to make it a nice place for all of that to be figured out .
(trg)="24"> Agus seo sliocht as an chéad litir eagarthóra a scríobh mé nuair a deirim nach bhfuil na freagraí ar fad ag Rookie. go bhfuilimid fós ag iarraidh gach rud a oibrigh amach freisin , ach níl sé mar aidhm againn na freagraí a thabhairt do chailíní , agus ní chun cead a thabhairt dóibh fiú chun freagraí a fháil dóibh féin , ach iad a spreagadh chun go dtuigfidh siad gur féidir leo an cead sin a thabhairt dóibh féin , gur féidir leo a gceisteanna féin a chur , a bhfreagraí féin a aimsiú , agus ceapaim go bhfuil iarracht déanta ag Rookie spás deas a chruthú chun gach rud a oibriú amach .
(src)="25"> So I 'm not saying , " Be like us , " and " We 're perfect role models , " because we 're not , but we just want to help represent girls in a way that shows those different dimensions .
(trg)="25"> Nílimid ag rá ' Bí ar nós linne " , agus " Is eiseamláirÍ foirfe muid , " mar níl muid , ach ba mhaith linn cailiní a léiriú ar bhealaí a leiríonn na taobhacha éagsúla seo .
(src)="26"> I mean , we have articles called " On Taking Yourself Seriously : How to Not Care What People Think of You , " but we also have articles like , oops -- I 'm figuring it out !
(trg)="26"> Mar shampla , tá ailt againn dár teideal " Ag Caint go Dáiríre : Conas neamhaird a thabhairt ar thuairimí Einne Eile " ' ach tá ailt eile againn , mar shampla , oops -- táim ag iarraidh é a oibriú amach !
(src)="27.1"> Ha ha .
(src)="27.2"> ( Laughter ) If you use that , you can get away with anything .
(trg)="27.1"> Ha ha .
(trg)="27.2"> ( Gáire ) Má úsáideann tú an líne sin , tá leithscéal agat do gach rud .
(src)="28"> We also have articles called " How to Look Like You Weren 't Just Crying in Less than Five Minutes . "
(trg)="28"> Tá ailt againn dár teideal " Conas a Chuir in Iúl Nach Raibh tú ag Gol Cúig Nóiméad ó shin .
(src)="29"> So all of that being said , I still really appreciate those characters in movies and articles like that on our site , that aren 't just about being totally powerful , maybe finding your acceptance with yourself and self-esteem and your flaws and how you accept those .
(trg)="29"> Agus an méid sin ráite , is ábhar sásaimh do iad na carachtair i scannáin agus in ailt mar sin ar ár suíomh , nach mbaineann leis an gcumhacht amháin , ach a bhaineann le féinghlacadh chomh maith agus le féinmheas agus le do lochtanna agus conas iad a ghlacadh .
(src)="30"> So what I you to take away from my talk , the lesson of all of this , is to just be Stevie Nicks .
(trg)="30"> Ba mhaith liom dá nglacfadh sibh an chomhairle seo ón óraid , ceacht an lae , ná bí Stevie Nicks .
(src)="31.1"> Like , that 's all you have to do .
(src)="31.2"> ( Laughter ) Because my favorite thing about her , other than , like , everything , is that she is very -- has always been unapologetically present on stage , and unapologetic about her flaws and about reconciling all of her contradictory feelings and she makes you listen to them and think about them , and yeah , so please be Stevie Nicks .
(trg)="31.1"> Sin a bhfuil le déanamh agat .
(trg)="31.2"> ( Gáire ) Mar , is é an rud is ansa liom fuithi , thar aon rud eile ná go bhfuil sí , go raibh láithreacht chinnte aici ar an stáitse , agus go raibh sí oscailte faoina lochtanna agus faoin réitiú a dhéanann sí ar na mothúcháin grithráiteacha agus cuireann sí dualgas ort éisteacht leo agus machnamh a dhéanamh orthu , agus sin é , bí Stevie Nicks le bhúr dtoil .
(src)="32.1"> Thank you .
(src)="32.2"> ( Applause )
(trg)="32"> Go raibh maith agaibh .
# en/ted2020-1634.xml.gz
# ga/ted2020-1634.xml.gz
(src)="1"> Photography has been my passion ever since I was old enough to pick up a camera , but today I want to share with you the 15 most treasured photos of mine , and I didn 't take any of them .
(trg)="1"> Bhí dúil agam sa bhfótagrafaíocht ón uair a bhí mé in ann ceamara a phiocadh suas , ach inniu ba mhaith liom na 15 grianghraif is ansa liom , a roinnt libh agus níor thóg mé aon cheann acu .
(src)="2"> There were no art directors , no stylists , no chance for reshoots , not even any regard for lighting .
(trg)="2"> Ní raibh aon stiúrthóirí ealaíne nó stílíthe ann ní raibh deis chun iad a thógáil arís , gan trácht ar an soilsiú .
(src)="3"> In fact , most of them were taken by random tourists .
(trg)="3"> Mar a tharla sé , thóg turasóirí fánacha an chuid is mó acu .
(src)="4.1"> My story begins when I was in New York City for a speaking engagement , and my wife took this picture of me holding my daughter on her first birthday .
(src)="4.2"> We 're on the corner of 57th and 5th .
(trg)="4.1"> Tosaíonn mo scéal féin nuair a bhí mé i Nua Eabhrac le haghaidh coinne óráide , agus thóg mo bhean an grianghriaf dom lem ' iníon i mo bhaclainn agam ar a céad breithlá .
(trg)="4.2"> Táimid ar an gcúinne idir 57ú agus 5ú .
(src)="5"> We happened to be back in New York exactly a year later , so we decided to take the same picture .
(trg)="5"> Mar a tharla sé , bhíomar ar ais i Nua Eabhrac an bhliain dár gcionn , agus bheartaíomar an grianghraif céanna a thógáil .
(src)="6"> Well you can see where this is going .
(trg)="6"> Feiceann sibh anois cad a tharla ina dhiaidh sin .
(src)="7"> Approaching my daughter 's third birthday , my wife said , " Hey , why don 't you take Sabina back to New York and make it a father-daughter trip , and continue the ritual ? "
(trg)="7"> Ag druidim i dtreo tríú bhreithlá m 'iníonsa , dúirt mo bhean liom " Cén fáth nach dteann tú ar ais go Nua Eabhrac le Sabina agus turas d 'athair agus d 'iníon a dhéanamh as , agus leanfaidh sibh ar aghaidh leis an traidisiún ?
(src)="8"> This is when we started asking passing tourists to take the picture .
(trg)="8"> B 'in an uair a thosaíomar ag iarraidh ar turasóirí fánacha an grianghraif a thógail .
(src)="9"> You know , it 's remarkable how universal the gesture is of handing your camera to a total stranger .
(trg)="9"> Tá sé suntasach cé chomh uilíoch is atá sé do cheamara a thabhairt do dhuine nach bhfuil aithne ar bith agat orthu .
(src)="10"> No one 's ever refused , and luckily no one 's ever run off with our camera .
(trg)="10"> Níor dhiúltaigh éinne ríomh , agus tá an t-ádh orainn nár goideadh an ceamara uainn .
(src)="11"> Back then , we had no idea how much this trip would change our lives .
(trg)="11"> Ag an am sin , ní raibh fhios againn cé chomh mór a rachadh an turas seo i bhfeidhm orainn .
(src)="12"> It 's really become sacred to us .
(trg)="12"> Tá sé fíorthabhachtach dúinn anois .
(src)="13"> This one was taken just weeks after 9 / 11 , and I found myself trying to explain what had happened that day in ways a five-year-old could understand .
(trg)="13"> Togadh an ceann seo cúpla seachtain díreach i ndiaidh 9 / 11 , agus thug mé faoi deara go raibh mé ag iarraidh eachtraí an lae a mhiniú ar bhealach a thuigeadh páiste .
(src)="14"> So these photos are far more than proxies for a single moment , or even a specific trip .
(trg)="14"> Mar sin , ní hionann na grianghraifeanna seo agus moimint amháin , nó turas faoi leith .
(src)="15"> They 're also ways for us to freeze time for one week in October and reflect on our times and how we change from year to year , and not just physically , but in every way .
(trg)="15"> Is bealach iad chun am a chalcadh le haghaidh seachtain amháin i Deireadh Fomhair agus macnamh a dhéanamh ar ar linne agus ar chonas a athraímíd ó bhliain go bliain , ní hamháin go fisiciúil , ach i ngach ghné .
(src)="16"> Because while we take the same photo , our perspectives change , and she reaches new milestones , and I get to see life through her eyes , and how she interacts with and sees everything .
(trg)="16"> Mar nuair a thógaimid an grianghraf céanna , athraíonn ár dearcthaí , agus baineann sí marcanna nua dá saol amach agus is féidir liom an saol a fhéiceáil trína súile , agus conas a théann sí i ngleic le gach rud .
(src)="17"> This very focused time we get to spend together is something we cherish and anticipate the entire year .
(trg)="17"> Is aoibhinn linn an t-am fócasaithe a chaithimid le chéile agus bímid ag tnúth leis an bhliain ar fad .
(src)="18"> Recently , on one trip , we were walking , and she stops dead in her tracks , and she points to a red awning of the doll store that she loved when she was little on our earlier trips .
(trg)="18"> Le déanaí , ar thuras amháin , bhíomar ag siúil , agus stop sí ina seasamh , agus shín sí a méar chuig tairseach dearg siopa na bábóige a thaithin go mór léi nuair a bhí sí níos óige ar ár dturais níos luaithe .
(src)="19"> And she describes to me the feeling she felt as a five-year-old standing in that exact spot .
(trg)="19"> Agus cuireann sí in iúl dom conas mar a bhraith sí ar an láithreán sin agus í ina páiste de chúig bhliana d 'aois .
(src)="20"> She said she remembers her heart bursting out of her chest when she saw that place for the very first time nine years earlier .
(trg)="20"> Dúirt sí go gcuimhin léi a croí ag léimt amach as a hucht nuair a chonaic sí an áit sin don chéad uair naoi bhliain níos luaithe .
(src)="21"> And now what she 's looking at in New York are colleges , because she 's determined to go to school in New York .
(trg)="21"> Anois is é atá á lorg aici in Nua Eabhrac ná coláistí , mar tá sí cinnte go bhfreastalóidh sí ar scoil i Nua Eabhrac .
(src)="22"> And it hit me : One of the most important things we all make are memories .
(trg)="22"> Agus buail smaoineamh mé : Ceann de na rudaí is tabhachtaí a chruthaímid ná cuimhní .
(src)="23"> So I want to share the idea of taking an active role in consciously creating memories .
(trg)="23"> Mar sin , ba mhaith liom nós a roint libh : go nglacfaidh sibh ról gníomhach i gcruthú cuimhní .
(src)="24"> I don 't know about you , but aside from these 15 shots , I 'm not in many of the family photos .
(trg)="24"> N 'fheadar cad fúibhse , ach lasmuigh de na 15 ghrianghraif seo , nílim i mórán de na grianghraif teaghlaigh .
(src)="25"> I 'm always the one taking the picture .
(trg)="25"> Is mise a thógann na grianghraif i gconaí .
(src)="26"> So I want to encourage everyone today to get in the shot , and don 't hesitate to go up to someone and ask , " Will you take our picture ? "
(trg)="26"> Mar sin , ba mhaith liom chuile duine anseo inniu a spreagadh chun a bheith sa ghrianghraif , agus ná bíodh drogall oraibh labhairt le duine éigint agus " An féidir leat ár ngrianghraf a thógáil " a chur orthu .
(src)="27.1"> Thank you .
(src)="27.2"> ( Applause )
(trg)="27"> Go raibh maith agaibh ( Bualadh bos )
# en/ted2020-276.xml.gz
# ga/ted2020-276.xml.gz
(src)="1"> Well , I 'm involved in other things , besides physics .
(trg)="1"> Bhuel , tá baint agam le rudaí eile seachas fisic
(src)="2"> In fact , mostly now in other things .
(trg)="2"> I bhfirínne , in ábhair seachas fisic is mó faoi láthair .
(src)="3"> One thing is distant relationships among human languages .
(trg)="3"> Tá rud amháin faoi leith i dteangacha an chine daonna .
(src)="4"> And the professional , historical linguists in the U.S.
(trg)="4"> Déanann teangeolaithe gairmiúla , stairiúla sna SAM
(src)="5"> and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away from any long-distance relationships , big groupings , groupings that go back a long time , longer than the familiar families .
(trg)="5"> agus in Iarthar na hEorpa iarracht chun cianchaidrimh a sheachaint ; grúpaí móra , grúpaí a théann i bhfad siar níos faide siar ná na teaghlaigh teanga cailiúla .
(src)="6.1"> They don 't like that .
(src)="6.2"> They think it 's crank .
(src)="6.3"> I don 't think it 's crank .
(trg)="6.1"> Cha dtaitníonn sé sin leo ; síleann gur raiméis í .
(trg)="6.2"> Ach , ní shílim gur amhlaidh atá .
(src)="7"> And there are some brilliant linguists , mostly Russians , who are working on that , at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow , and I would love to see where that leads .
(trg)="7"> Agus tá roinnt mhaith teangeolaithe iontacha , Rúisigh is mó , atá ag déanamh staidéir air sin ag Institiúd Santa Fe agus i Moscó , agus ba bhreá liom na torthaí a fheiceáil .
(src)="8"> Does it really lead to a single ancestor some 20 , 25,000 years ago ?
(trg)="8"> An dtéann sé i bhfad siar go sinsear amháin 20,000 nó 25,000 bliain ó shin ?
(src)="9"> And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor , when there was presumably a competition among many languages ?
(trg)="9"> Agus cad é a tharlaíonn má théann muid níos faide siar roimh an tsinsir amháin sin , nuair is dócha go raibh iomaíocht idir roinnt mhaith teangacha ?
(src)="10.1"> How far back does that go ?
(src)="10.2"> How far back does modern language go ?
(trg)="10.1"> Cé chomh fada siar a théann sé sin ?
(trg)="10.2"> Cé chomh fada siar a théann teangacha an lae inniu ?
(src)="11"> How many tens of thousands of years does it go back ?
(trg)="11"> Cá mhéad mílte bliain a théann sé siar ?
(src)="12"> Chris Anderson : Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is ?
(trg)="12"> Chris Anderson : An bhfuil cliú nó smaoineamh ar an fhreagra a bhfaighfear ?
(src)="13"> Murray Gell-Mann : Well , I would guess that modern language must be older than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe , in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago , or earlier .
(trg)="13"> Murray Gell-Mann : Bhuel , mheasfainn go gcaithfidh teangacha an lae inniu a bheith níos sine ná na pictiúir agus an ghreanadóireacht agus na dealraimh a tchítear sna huaimheanna agus lorg coise ó rincí a fágadh i gcré bhog uaimheanna in Iarthar na hEorpa. sa Tréimhse Aragnaisiúnach timpeall 35,000 bliain ó shin , nó níos túisce .
(src)="14"> I can 't believe they did all those things and didn 't also have a modern language .
(trg)="14"> Cha dtig liom a chreidbheáil go ndearna siad na rudaí seo go léir agus nach raibh cumas acu i dteanga nua-aimseartha .
(src)="15"> So , I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further .
(trg)="15"> Mar sin mheasfainn ar a laghad go dtéann na fréamhacha comh fada siar sin , agus b 'fhéidr níos faide arís .
(src)="16.1"> But that doesn 't mean that all , or many , or most of today 's attested languages couldn 't descend perhaps from one that 's much younger than that , like say 20,000 years , or something of that kind .
(src)="16.2"> It 's what we call a bottleneck .
(trg)="16.1"> Ach , chan ionann é sin is a rá nach dtig leis na teangacha uilig , nó cuid mhaith acu , nó an chuid is mó acu , a bheith tagtha ó abraimis , 20,000 bliain ó shin , nó rud éigin cosúil leis sin .
(trg)="16.2"> Tugaimid caolas teanga air sin .
(src)="17"> CA : Well , Philip Anderson may have been right .
(trg)="17"> CA : Bhuel , b 'fhéidir go raibh an ceart ag Philip Anderson .
(src)="18"> You may just know more about everything than anyone .
(trg)="18"> B 'fhéidir go bhfuil níos mó eolais agatsa ar achan rud ná duine ar bith eile .
(src)="19.1"> So , it 's been an honor .
(src)="19.2"> Thank you Murray Gell-Mann .
(trg)="19.1"> Mar sin , ónóir a bhí ann domhsa .
(trg)="19.2"> Go raibh maith agat a Mhurray Gell-Mann .
(src)="20"> ( Applause )
(trg)="20"> ( Bualadh bos )