# en/0ULIDyNZQ0eb.xml.gz
# tlh/0ULIDyNZQ0eb.xml.gz
(src)="1"> & amp; gt ; & amp; gt ; Well , the database that was here at SLAC was used by people around the world , but with great difficulty because they had to have an account on mainframe .
(trg)="1"> Well , the database that was here at SLAC was used by people around the world , but with great difficulty because they had to have an account on the mainframe .
(src)="2"> Most people weren 't familiar with mainframes .
(trg)="2"> Most people weren 't familiar with mainframes .
(src)="3"> And second of all , the database language that you had to type in was difficult .
(src)="4"> So before there was a web ,
(trg)="3"> And second of all , the database language that you typed in was difficult .
(src)="5"> I invented a way for people to do what 's now called Instant Messaging .
(src)="6"> And to do a query to the database without logging in .
(trg)="4"> So before there was a web , I invented a way for people to do what 's now called Instant Messaging , and to do a query to the database without logging in .
(src)="7"> And that improve access to the database but still have this terrible language of the database machine to , to type in , in order to do your query .
(trg)="5"> And that improves access to the database , but you still had this terrible language of the database machine to type in , in order to do your query .
(src)="8"> A little later on , people added the e- mail interface so you could send your query by e- mail and you 'd get your response back by e- mail .
(src)="9"> So , when
(trg)="6"> A little later on , people added the e- mail interface so you could send your query by e- mail and you 'd get your response back by e- mail .
(src)="10"> I was at CERN in September 1991 , and Tim Berners- Lee dragged me into his office to show me , to give me a demo of the web , when he demo , at first I wasn 't very interested but when he demonstrated doing a query to a help system database on a mainframe , I really put two and two together and says , well if you can query a help system on a mainframe , you can query a database on the mainframe .
(trg)="7"> So when I was at CERN in September , 1991 , and Tim Berners- Lee dragged me into his office to show me , to give me a demo of the web , when he demoed , at first I wasn 't very interested , but when he demonstrated doing a query to a Help system database on a mainframe ,
(trg)="8"> I immediately put two and two together and said , well if you can query a Help system on a mainframe , you can query a database on the mainframe .
(trg)="9"> Then I started getting interested .
(src)="12"> The thing is that , that we couldn 't change the query commands because that was built in the database .
(src)="13"> But the web page could give you examples and remind you what the query would be . ≫& amp; gt ; So did you , have to write it all from scratch ?
(src)="14"> I mean , did you write it from the protocol ?
(trg)="10"> The thing is that , we couldn 't change the query commands because that was built in the database , but the web page could give you examples and remind you what the query would be . & amp; gt ; So did you have to write it all from scratch ? & amp; gt ; I mean , did you write it from the protocol ?
(src)="15"> Or was there software that you used to make your first web server ? ≫& amp; gt ; Well , I used CERN server software which was written in C. Unfortunately , we had a C compiler on the mainframe at the time , that time .
(trg)="11"> Or was there software that you used to make your first web server ?
(trg)="12"> Well , I used CERN server software which was written in C .
(trg)="13"> And fortunately , we had a C compiler on the mainframe at that time .
(src)="16"> It wasn 't very long that we had a mainframe on a C compiler , but we had one .
(trg)="14"> It wasn 't very long that we had a mainframe that had a C compiler , but we had one .
(src)="17"> So , all I had to do was to write some extra C code to get the , get the query that the user had made and turn it into a database query .
(trg)="15"> So , all I had to do was to write some extra C code to get the query that the user had made and turn it into a database query .
(src)="18"> It was December twelve , 1991 when we installed our , our web server .
(src)="19"> And we , we informed Tim Berners- Lee that day to give it a try .
(trg)="16"> It was December 12 , 1991 , when we installed our web server , and we informed Tim Berners- Lee that day to give it a try .
(src)="20"> The big boost came about a month later in January , in Southern France , where there was a workshop on computing topics for high energy and nuclear physics .
(trg)="17"> The big boost came about a month later in January , in Southern France , where there was a workshop on computing topics for high energy and nuclear physics .
(src)="21"> And at that workshop , Tim
(src)="22"> Berners- Lee had a plenary talk .
(trg)="18"> And at that workshop , Tim Berners- Lee had a plenary talk .
(src)="23"> So he gave his hour long talk to about 200 physicists from around the world .
(src)="24"> And , as part of his talk , he gave a demo .
(trg)="19"> So he gave his hour- long talk to about 200 physicists from around the world .
(src)="25"> And at the very end , the most people who I think were bored most of the time to me .
(trg)="21"> And at the very end ... most people , I think , were bored most of the time .
(src)="26"> The worst thing that software people want to think about is documentation and he was pitching documentation .
(src)="27"> But at the end of the talk , he connected to the SLAC web server and made a query .
(trg)="22"> The worst thing that software people want to think about is documentation and he was pitching documentation .
(src)="28"> And that really dropped a lot of jaw , jaws , because the instant everybody knew the database , everybody knew how hard it was to access .
(trg)="24"> And that really dropped a lot of jaws , because the instant -- everybody knew the database -- everybody knew how hard it was to access .
(trg)="25"> Okay ...
(src)="30"> And here he just clicked away typed in a few things for the query term and bang , the results came back nicely formatted .
(trg)="26"> And here he just clicked away , typed in a few things for the query term and bang , the results came back nicely formatted .
(src)="31"> So , I , the way I say it the interest in the web went from about twenty people to 200 people in that hour , okay ?
(trg)="27"> So , what I say is , the interest in the web went from about 20 people to 200 people in that hour .
(src)="32"> Now those 200 people went back home , and if each one of them called ten people then within a week , the interest in the web would have grown to 2, 000 people .
(trg)="28"> Now those 200 people went back home , and if each one of them told ten people , then within a week , the interest in the web grew to 2, 000 people .
(src)="33"> So , that , that was the big turning point and I think Tim recognizes that , that was really the kickoff .
(trg)="29"> So that was the big turning point and I think Tim recognizes that that was really the kickoff .
(src)="34"> And I think the , the reason that , the , the web took off so quickly once the commerce , appreciated , and started to realize it , it 's a win , win situation .
(src)="35"> Okay ?
(trg)="30"> And I think the reason that the web took off so quickly was that commerce appreciated it and started to realize it -- it 's a win , win situation .
(src)="36"> It 's a win for the customer obviously because he can do price comparisons , he can browse his airline schedules for , on his own .
(src)="37"> Visualize what he want 's to see quickly , and cut and try different things as much patience as he has to get the price down .
(trg)="32"> It 's a win for the customer , obviously , because he can do price comparisons , he can browse his airline schedules on his own , visualize what he wants to see quickly .
(src)="38"> So it 's much , much better for the consumer .
(trg)="33"> He can cut and try different things with as much patience as he has to get the price down .
(trg)="34"> So it 's much , much better for the consumer .
(src)="39"> But what about the provider| ?
(src)="40"> The airlines ?
(trg)="35"> But what about the provider ?
(src)="41"> Well , it 's much better for them because it 's just software that 's running on machines , okay ?
(trg)="36"> The airlines ?
(trg)="37"> Well , it 's much better for them , because it 's just software that 's running on machines , okay ?
(src)="42"> It 's much lower cost for , for them .
(trg)="38"> It 's much lower cost , for them .
(src)="43"> And , and so they 're winning , too .
(trg)="39"> And , and so they 're winning , too .
(src)="44"> I point out my talk about the web near the end , sort of a punchline , that in doing big science , we 're solving , we 're finding solutions to problems tha t the general public don 't know they have .
(trg)="40"> I point out in my talk about the web , near the end , sort of a punchline , that in doing big science , we 're solving , we 're finding solutions to problems that the general public don 't know they have .
(trg)="41"> So , who would predict that out of high energy physics research ... something like the web would come up ?
(src)="46"> I think that would be unpredictable .
(trg)="42"> I think that would be unpredictable .
(src)="47"> But , in hindsight , you can see that it was a natural place for , for the web to have been invented .
(trg)="43"> But , in hindsight , you can see that it was a natural place for the web to have been invented .
# en/2JtlgmeLC6Mi.xml.gz
# tlh/2JtlgmeLC6Mi.xml.gz
(src)="1"> Last month I was off in Boston for the fourth Annual World Wide Web Conference and I had the opportunity to talk to the inventor of the World Wide Web , Tim
(src)="2"> Berners- Lee and I asked him a little bit about where we 're going with this web stuff .
(trg)="1"> & gt ; Last month I was off in Boston for the fourth annual World Wide Web Conference and I had the opportunity to talk to the inventor of the World Wide Web , Tim Berners- Lee , and I asked him a little bit about ´where are we going with this web stuff ? '
(src)="3"> And we have just a little bit of footage from Tim telling us where that 's going to be . ≫& amp; gt ; You 're waiting until people consume the web .
(trg)="2"> And we have just a little bit of footage from Tim telling us where that 's going to be . & gt ; & gt; You have seen nothing yet .
(src)="4"> When the web becomes that you can consume when the web , and the infrastructure is all laid down or we have the information space , then it would be time for the next revolution [ inaudible ] . ≫& amp; gt ; It 's hard to imagine a greater revolution that what we are seeing I mean , I mean the smallest places and everybody is putting up a web page . ≫& amp; gt ; Right .
(trg)="3"> You 're waiting until people assume the web .
(trg)="4"> When the web becomes something that you assume , when the web and the infrastructure is all laid down or we have an information space , then it would be time for the next revolution . & gt ; It 's hard to imagine a greater revolution that what we 've seen .
(trg)="5"> I go to the smallest places and everybody is putting up a web page . & gt ; & gt; Right .
(src)="5"> And the web could only take place , the revolution can only take place because the Internet which would be the quantitative smaller revolution but the Internet itself quite being deployed for that role had happened because the internet was something people consume , the web revolution can take place .
(trg)="6"> And the web revolution can only take place because the Internet , which had been a quieter smaller revolution ,
(trg)="7"> - but that had been the Internet itself , quietly being deployed throughout the world - had happened because the internet was something people assume , the web revolution can take place .
(src)="6"> When the web is something you consume then maybe the cultural revolution and I said cultural revolution , when we come to revolution so , or then you go find ways to do things better than we have imagined . ≫& amp; gt ; Pretty neat which one of the things that I , I liked about it was he , he just said , we 're going to , his idea was the next step is something completely different , a cultural revolution as compared to just little more technology and he Tim Berners- Lee being from Europe I can sort of see how he , he could have that perspective .
(trg)="8"> When the web is something you can assume , then maybe a cultural revolution ... a new cultural revolution , or maybe we 'll find ways to do something special that we haven 't imagined . & gt ; Pretty neat , Rich , one of the things I liked about it was :
(trg)="9"> His idea was the next step is something completely different , a cultural revolution as compared to just a little more technology and he , Tim Berners- Lee , being from Europe ,
(src)="7"> That it 's going to change our culture . ≫& amp; gt ; Well , I guess we don 't know what 's going to happen in five years or even in two but , let 's find out what 's going to happen in the rest of the show .
(trg)="10"> I can sort of see how he could have that perspective .
(trg)="11"> That it 's going to change our culture . & gt ; & gt; Well , I guess we don 't know what 's going to happen in five years or even in two , but let 's find out what 's going to happen in the rest of the show .
# en/3orUexw5nuXK.xml.gz
# tlh/3orUexw5nuXK.xml.gz
(src)="1"> [ music ]
(trg)="1"> NCSA :
(trg)="2"> National Center for Supercomputing Applications
(src)="3"> One of those things that happens very infrequently where there 's lots of energy , a large amount of resources , visionary leadership , and a lot of free space for people to play .
(trg)="3"> NCSA was kind of a special place , right .
(trg)="4"> One of those things that happens very infrequently where there 's lots of energy , a large amount of resources , visionary leadership , and a lot of free space for people to play .
(src)="4"> Larry recognized from the beginning and we all loved the idea that these small little things on the desktop were really the gateways for everybody to the big machines in the background .
(trg)="5"> Larry recognized from the beginning , and we all loved the idea , that these small little things on the desktop were really the gateways for everybody to the big machines in the background , and that all this would turn into one cloud behind the screen .
(src)="5"> And that all of this would turn into one cloud behind the , the screen , yet we needed to figure out how to get the user involved in as much as possible .
(trg)="6"> That we needed to figure out how to get the user involved in as much as possible .
(src)="6"> Initially , our interest was in synchronous tools when were thinking of collaboration tools .
(trg)="7"> Initially our interest was in synchronous tools , when were thinking of collaboration tools .
(src)="7"> So , we were building something called NCSA collage which was a set of tools that worked and one of the big deals was that they worked across the three platforms .
(trg)="8"> So we were building something called NCSA Collage , which was a set of tools that worked ...
(trg)="9"> One of the big deals was that they worked across the three platforms , the X- Windows for the Unix people , the Windows environment , and the Mac .
(src)="9"> And that was one of the things that was sort of part of the underlying culture there was he wanted to make them available to as large a community as possible .
(trg)="10"> That was one of the things , it was sort of part of the underlying culture there , that we wanted to make them available to as large a community as possible .
(trg)="11"> So we started working on collaborative tools .
(src)="10"> So , started working on collaborative tools and there was a set of people and each of the each of those machines that 's working to make it possible for people to share in real time images of their data , the spreadsheets of their data and papers that they had run across interesting references to with their colleagues who were remote from them geographically .
(trg)="12"> And there was a set of people on each of those machines , that was working to make it possible for people to share in real time : the images of their data , the spreadsheets of their data , and papers that they had run across interesting references to , with their colleagues who were remote to them geographically .
(src)="11"> So , that 's the context in which Dave Thompson who was one of the developers , one of the X windows developers , the lead X windows developer , I think for the collage tool pulled down .
(trg)="13"> So that 's the context in which Dave Thompson , who was one of the developers of X- Windows , the lead X- Windows developer , I think .
(trg)="14"> For the Collage tool pulled down one of the early web browsers .
(src)="13"> And I , it was the one from slack .
(trg)="15"> It was the one from SLAC .
(src)="14"> He went through the effort of getting it working and brought it in and showed it to Marc
(trg)="16"> He went through the effort of getting it working and brought it in and showed it to Marc Andreessen and I .
(src)="15"> Andreesen and I. And both of us looked at the screen .
(src)="16"> Dave described what he had in front of us .
(trg)="17"> Both of us looked at the screen , Dave described what he had in front of us , and we said :
(src)="17"> And we said , we can do better than that .
(trg)="18"> " We can do better than that .
(src)="18"> That 's a complicated system and the interface looks terrible and Dave said that it was a real pain for it , for him to get it working , for him to download it , install it , compile it , and everything .
(trg)="19"> That 's a complicated system and the interface looks terrible . "
(trg)="20"> And Dave said that it was a real pain for him to get it working , to download it and install it and compile it and everything .
(src)="19"> And it only works on an X Windows box and wouldn 't it be cool if it worked across all three of the boxes and if there was something that was just a plug and go like the rest of our tools .
(trg)="21"> And it only worked on an X- Windows box .
(trg)="22"> And wouldn 't it be cool if it worked across all three of the boxes .
(trg)="23"> And if it was something that was just a plug- and- go like the rest of our tools .
(src)="20"> Mark and Eric were working on that , the first generation of
(src)="21"> NCSA Mosaic and this was the next Windows app and nobody was working yet on the
(trg)="24"> Marc and Eric were working on that , the first generation of NCSA Mosaic , and this was an X- Windows application .
(src)="22"> Windows or the Mac version .
(trg)="25"> And nobody was working yet on the Windows or the Mac version , and we saw the first version of that come out in ...
(src)="23"> And we saw the first version of that come out , when was it , early '93 , late '92 and it was probably early '93 .
(trg)="26"> What was it ?
(src)="24"> And the response , of course , was fantastic .
(trg)="27"> Early ´93 , late ´92 ... probably early ´93 . and the response off course was fantastic .
(src)="25"> It 's wonderful to be able to just click on something and see it right away , and indeed , the combination of hyperlinks in a document as far as navigation and retrieval of documents as a user interface is just great .
(trg)="28"> It 's wonderful to be able to just click on something and see it right away .
(trg)="29"> Indeed , the combination of hyperlinks in a document as far as navigation and retrieval of documents as a user interface is just great .
(trg)="30"> A lot of people got it immediately , especially people who were working with the tools at NCSA , and the companies --
(src)="27"> NCSA and the companies .
(trg)="31"> I remember an HP executive coming in one time .
(src)="28"> I remember an HP exec coming in one time and Marc and Eric had written a little filter that took Unix documentation and made it into HTML and made all of the references into links .
(trg)="32"> And Marc and Eric had written a little filter that took Unix documentation and made it into HTML , and made all of the references into links .
(trg)="33"> And they went to the hidden HP site and this executive said :
(src)="29"> And they went to , they hit an HP site and the execs said , where is this coming from , because he was able to see all of his HP documentation there in the room at NCSA and navigate through it real easily .
(trg)="34"> " Where is this coming from ? "
(trg)="35"> Because he was able to see all of his HP documentation there in the room at NCSA and navigate through it real easily .
(trg)="36"> They said :
(src)="30"> And he said , well , you 've got three or four folks back there that have put up httpd servers .
(trg)="37"> " Well you have got 3 or 4 folks back there .
(trg)="38"> They have put up a HTTPD- server .
(src)="31"> You may not know what those are yet and , he said , I never heard of this , and said , but this is the kind of thing that is probably going to be really useful in the future for people who are trying to manage documentation in a distributive fashion yada , yada , yada , right ?
(trg)="39"> You may not know what those are yet . "
(trg)="40"> He said :
(trg)="41"> " I have never heard of this " .
(src)="32"> And went on with the story like that .
(trg)="43"> Yada , yada yada and went on with the story like that .
(src)="33"> And this guy was bouncing up and down in his seat .
(src)="34"> And this was the kind of response that we got with it .
(trg)="44"> And this guy was bouncing up and down in his seat .
(src)="35"> In '93 , late '93 , early '94 , there 's this full suite of mosaics that work across the X Windows , the Mac , and the Windows system .
(trg)="45"> And this was the kind of response that they got with it .
(trg)="46"> In ´93 , late ´93 - early ´94 , there is this full suite of Mosaics that work across X- Windows , Mac and the Windows system .
(src)="36"> And that 's the point at which the guy who was the p resident at the time of the Internet Association , said
(src)="37"> NCSA has fired a shot heard around the world .
(src)="38"> Because it 's available now across all these platforms and anybody can use it .
(trg)="47"> That 's the point at which the guy who was the president at the time of the Internet Association ( NCSA ) has fired a shot heard ´round the world , because it 's available now across all these platforms and anybody can use it .
(src)="39"> And , we saw , you know , an exponential growth in the number of HDTV servers and the amount of traffic yada , yada , yada .
(src)="40"> All that stuff went on there .
(trg)="48"> We saw an exponential growth in the number of HTTPD- servers , and traffic , yada yada yada , all that stuff that went on there .
(src)="41"> And , Tim of course , Tim Berners- Lee at this time , would say , wel , he had seen an exponential growth from the very beginning and he 's right .
(trg)="49"> And Tim of course , Tim Berners- Lee at the time would say , well he had seen an exponential growth from the very beginning .
(src)="42"> We 're both right .
(trg)="50"> He 's right .
(trg)="52"> We had seen it from the time we brought out the browsers and they certainly helped with it , but there was already an underlying exponential that was going on , with people being able to put up their materials easily with HTML and do all that .
(src)="44"> But there was already an underlying exponential I think that was going on in people being able to put up their materials easily with HTML and do all that .
(src)="45"> I remember sitting in rooms with commercial folks that came in and pitched to us .
(src)="46"> And I 'd bring the whole team in the whole .
(trg)="53"> I remember sitting in rooms with commercial folks that came in and pitched to us and I 'd bring the whole team in , the whole software development group , and I 'd say " Listen to these guys , tell me what you think about this . "
(src)="48"> And we were , nobody was sure what it was going to do and there were people who started off building browsers and just kind of never got off the ground .
(trg)="54"> Nobody was sure what it was going to do .
(trg)="55"> And there were people who started off building browsers and never got off the ground .
(src)="49"> It wasn 't until the Netscape effort started up that there was sufficient energy and sufficient resources , I think , to really get on and ride and push and , and , you know , crank up a group of X hundred developers in a matter of months and then they were , you know , quickly overshadowed by the effort that Microsoft put into it .
(trg)="56"> It wasn 't until the Netscape effort started out that there was sufficient energy and sufficient resources , I think , to really get on and ride and push and crank up a group of x- hundred developers in a matter of months .
(trg)="57"> Then they were quickly overshadowed by the effort that Microsoft put them through .
(src)="50"> I remember one of the Netscape guys saying I came back from a meeting with some folks up in Seattle and they said that Microsoft now had , this is when Netscape was riding at the top of its form , right , top of the game .
(trg)="58"> I remember one of the Netscape guys saying " I came back from a meeting with some folks up in Seattle and they said that Microsoft now had " - this was when Netscape was riding at the top of its form , top of the game - this guy says :
(src)="51"> This guy says , Microsoft just told me that , somebody from Microsoft just said that they 've got like 2, 000 developers working on this .
(trg)="59"> " Somebody from Microsoft just said that they 've got like 2000 developers working on this . "
(src)="52"> He said , at that point I realized that we were , you know , going to have some difficulties .
(trg)="60"> At that point I realized that we were going to have some difficulties .
(src)="53"> And we , of course , always felt that there should be more than one browser and so we wanted to see , because we were interested in standards and openness right at the time if one , if there 's only one browser , then that company is to determine what the standards are .
(src)="54"> And there were all kinds of hassles early on about putting in different features and the browsers driving the standards rather than the standards driving the browsers and all this kind of stuff .
(trg)="61"> And we of course always felt that there should be more than one browser and so we wanted - because we were interested in standards and openness - right at the time , when there 's only one browser then that company gets to determine what the standards are , and there were all kinds of difficulties early on about putting in different features , and the browsers driving the standards rather than the standards driving the browsers , and all of this kind of stuff .
(src)="55"> So , we wanted some diversity but , nobody , I don 't think in '93 , maybe by ' 94 , but in '93 , we were still amazed with what we had and amazed at the response , and just tickled pink , thrilled with the whole idea of this being something that was a lot of people were going to find useful and that we were going to have a lot of fun playing with .
(trg)="62"> So we wanted some diversity , but nobody , I don 't think , in ´93 , maybe by ´94 , but in ´93 we were still amazed at what we had , amazed at the response , and just tickled pink , thrilled , with the whole idea of this being something that a whole lot of people were going to find useful and that we were going have a lot of fun playing with it .
(src)="56"> Yet , no real sense , everybody talked , we talked about all the possibilities , but we had no real sense that it would take off and simply monetize so quickly .
(trg)="63"> We had no real sense - everybody talked of all the possibilities - we had no real sense that it would take off and simply monetize so quickly
(src)="57"> If you go back and you know , ask people who were sitting in front of machines in 1993 , '94 , or '95 , alright , and you said , you remember the first time that you used Mosaic , right ?
(trg)="64"> If you go back and ask people who were sitting in front of machines in 1993 - ' 94 - ' 95 :
(trg)="65"> Did you remember the first time you used Mosaic ?
(trg)="66"> You remember the first time you used a browser ?
(src)="58"> Or do you remember the first time you used a browser , if it wasn 't Mosaic .
(trg)="67"> And the vast majority that I ran into said :
(trg)="68"> " Yeah , like I remember ! "
# en/5Btv5vhY831o.xml.gz
# tlh/5Btv5vhY831o.xml.gz
(src)="1"> Oh , there you are .
(trg)="1"> Oh , there you are .
(src)="2"> I guess that was kind of a short one .
(src)="3"> So , so , I already reacted to that one back in 1995 and my feeling is the same today .
(trg)="2"> I guess that was kind of a short one .
(src)="4"> You know , that this isn 't just about bits and bites .
(trg)="3"> So , I already reacted to that one back in 1995 and my feeling is the same today .
(src)="5"> It 's not about a better protocol .
(src)="6"> It 's not about Ajax , or drag and drop .
(trg)="4"> You know that this isn 't just about bits and bytes .