# en/07QR5aTm3gih.xml.gz
# gl/07QR5aTm3gih.xml.gz
(src)="1"> I 'm a brain scientist , and as a brain scientist ,
(src)="2"> I 'm actually interested in how the brain learns , and I 'm especially interested in a possibility of making our brains smarter , better and faster .
(trg)="1"> Eu son neurocientífica , e como tal interésame saber cómo aprende o cerebro , especialmente a posibilidade de facer os nosos cerebros máis eficaces , mellores e máis rápidos .
(src)="3"> This is in this context I 'm going to tell you about video games .
(trg)="2"> Neste contexto voulles falar sobre os videoxogos .
(src)="4"> When we say video games , most of you think about children .
(trg)="3"> Cando falamos de videoxogos moitos de vostedes xa están pensando en nenos .
(src)="5"> It 's true .
(trg)="4"> Non lles falta razón .
(src)="6"> Ninety percent of children do play video games .
(trg)="5"> O noventa por cento dos nenos xogan con eles .
(src)="7"> But let 's be frank .
(trg)="6"> Pero sexamos sinceros .
(src)="8"> When the kids are in bed , who is in front of the PlayStation ?
(trg)="7"> Cando os nenos van para a cama , quen queda diante da PlayStation ?
(src)="9"> Most of you .
(trg)="8"> Moitos de vostedes .
(src)="10"> The average age of a gamer is 33 years old , not eight years old , and in fact , if we look at the projected demographics of video game play , the video game players of tomorrow are older adults .
(trg)="9"> A idade media dos xogadores é de 33 anos , non de oito ; de feito , se miramos as proxeccións demográficas dos videoxogos , os videoxogadores do mañá serán os vellos .
(src)="11"> ( Laughter )
(trg)="10"> ( Risas )
(src)="12"> So video [ gaming ] is pervasive throughout our society .
(trg)="11"> En suma , os videoxogos xa son omnipresentes .
(src)="13"> It is clearly here to stay .
(trg)="12"> Están aquí para quedar .
(src)="14"> It has an amazing impact on our everyday life .
(trg)="13"> Teñen un impacto enorme na nosa vida diaria .
(src)="15"> Consider these statistics released by Activision .
(trg)="14"> Vexan estas estatísticas facilitadas por Activision .
(src)="16"> After one month of release of the game " Call Of Duty :
(trg)="15"> Ao cabo dun mes do seu lanzamento , o xogo " Call Of Duty :
(src)="17"> Black Ops , " it had been played for 68, 000 years worldwide , right ?
(trg)="16"> Black Ops " xa se xogara durante 68 . 000 anos en todo o mundo .
(src)="18"> Would any of you complain if this was the case about doing linear algebra ?
(trg)="17"> Alguén se preocuparía se fosen exercicios de álxebra lineal ?
(src)="19"> So what we are asking in the lab is , how can we leverage that power ?
(trg)="18"> Así que no laboratorio preguntámonos cómo aproveitar esa potencia .
(src)="20"> Now I want to step back a bit .
(trg)="19"> Pero volvamos un paso atrás .
(src)="21"> I know most of you have had the experience of coming back home and finding your kids playing these kinds of games .
(trg)="20"> Seguro que máis dunha vez ao chegar á casa atoparon aos nenos diante destes videoxogos .
(trg)="21"> ( Disparos )
(src)="22"> ( Shooting noises ) The name of the game is to get after your enemy zombie bad guys before they get to you , right ?
(trg)="22"> O obxectivo deste xogo é pillar aos enemigos zombies antes que te collan eles a ti .
(src)="23"> And I 'm almost sure most of you have thought ,
(trg)="23"> E case seguro que a maioría de vostedes pensaron :
(src)="24"> " Oh , come on , can 't you do something more intelligent than shooting at zombies ? "
(trg)="24"> Veña , non podes facer algo mais intelixente que matar zombis ?
(src)="25"> I 'd like you to put this kind of knee- jerk reaction in the context of what you would have thought if you had found your girl playing sudoku or your boy reading Shakespeare .
(trg)="25"> Gustaríame que comparasen esta reacción instintiva co que pensarían se atopasen á súa filla facendo un sudoku ou ao seu fillo lendo a Shakespeare .
(src)="27"> Most parents would find that great .
(trg)="26"> Moitos pais consideraríano xenial .
(src)="28"> Well , I 'm not going to tell you that playing video games days in and days out is actually good for your health .
(trg)="27"> Vale , non lles vou dicir que xogar cos videoxogos todo o día sexa bo para a saúde .
(src)="29"> It 's not , and binging is never good .
(trg)="28"> Claro que non , abusar nunca é bo .
(src)="30"> But I 'm going to argue that in reasonable doses , actually the very game I showed you at the beginning , those action- packed shooter games have quite powerful effects and positive effects on many different aspects of our behavior .
(trg)="29"> Pero si defendo que en doses razoables , xogos como o que lles amosei antes , eses xogos de acción e disparos , teñen efectos bastante potentes , efectos positivos , en moitos aspectos do comportamento .
(src)="31"> There 's not one week that goes without some major headlines in the media about whether video games are good or bad for you , right ?
(trg)="30"> Non hai semana que non nos atopemos con grandes titulares na prensa sobre se os videoxogos son bos ou malos .
(src)="32"> You 're all bombarded with that .
(trg)="31"> Bombardéannos con eles .
(src)="33"> I 'd like to put this kind of Friday night bar discussion aside and get you to actually step into the lab .
(trg)="32"> Gustaríame sacar este asunto do faladoiro de café e que entremos no laboratorio .
(src)="34"> What we do in the lab is actually measure directly , in a quantitative fashion , what is the impact of video games on the brain .
(trg)="33"> O que facemos alí e medir directamente , cuantitativamente , o impacto dos videoxogos no cerebro .
(src)="35"> And so I 'm going to take a few examples from our work .
(trg)="34"> Voulles amosar algúns exemplos deste traballo .
(src)="36"> One first saying that I 'm sure you all have heard is the fact that too much screen time makes your eyesight worse .
(trg)="35"> En primeiro lugar , seguro que oíron máis dunha vez que botar moito tempo diante da pantalla prexudica a vista .
(src)="37"> That 's a statement about vision .
(trg)="36"> Unha afirmación acerca da visión .
(src)="38"> There may be vision scientists among you .
(trg)="37"> Seguro que aquí hai alguén que investiga sobre a visión .
(src)="39"> We actually know how to test that statement .
(trg)="38"> Pois podemos poñer a proba esta afirmación .
(src)="40"> We can step into the lab and measure how good your vision is .
(trg)="39"> Podemos ir ao laboratorio e medir cómo andamos da vista .
(src)="41"> Well , guess what ?
(trg)="40"> E saben o que atopamos ?
(src)="42"> People that don 't play a lot of action games , that don 't actually spend a lot of time in front of screens , have normal , or what we call corrective- to- normal vision .
(trg)="41"> As persoas que non xogan moito con videoxogos , que non botan moito tempo diante da pantalla , teñen unha vista normal .
(trg)="42"> Correcto .
(src)="44"> The issue is what happens with these guys that actually indulge into playing video games like five hours per week , 10 hours per week , 15 hours per week .
(trg)="43"> O caso é qué pasa con eses outros que botan 5 , 10 ou 15 horas á semana cos videoxogos .
(src)="45"> By that statement , their vision should be really bad , right ?
(trg)="44"> Debemos supoñer que teñen a vista fatal .
(src)="46"> Guess what ?
(src)="47"> Their vision is really , really good .
(trg)="45"> Pois saiban que a súa vista é moi boa .
(src)="48"> It 's better than those that don 't play .
(trg)="46"> Mellor que a dos que non xogan .
(src)="49"> And it 's better in two different ways .
(trg)="47"> E é mellor en dous aspectos .
(src)="50"> The first way is that they 're actually able to resolve small detail in the context of clutter , and though that means being able to read the fine print on a prescription rather than using magnifier glasses , you can actually do it with just your eyesight .
(trg)="48"> O primeiro , que captan mellor os detalles nun contexto desordenado , o que significa que son quen de ler a letra pequena dunha etiqueta sen ter que usar unha lupa , poden lela a simple vista .
(src)="51"> The other way that they are better is actually being able to resolve different levels of gray .
(trg)="49"> A outra cousa que fan mellor é distinguir niveis de grises .
(src)="52"> Imagine you 're driving in a fog .
(trg)="50"> Imaxínense conducindo con néboa .
(src)="53"> That makes a difference between seeing the car in front of you and avoiding the accident , or getting into an accident .
(trg)="51"> Iso marcará a diferenza entre ver ou non o coche que vén de fronte , entre ter ou non un accidente .
(src)="54"> So we 're actually leveraging that work to develop games for patients with low vision , and to have an impact on retraining their brain to see better .
(trg)="52"> Así que estamos a traballar no deseño de xogos para pacientes con baixa visión , para readestrar o cerebro e mellorar a vista .
(src)="55"> Clearly , when it comes to action video games , screen time doesn 't make your eyesight worse .
(trg)="53"> En resumo , que o tempo diante da pantalla con videoxogos de acción , non lle fai dano á vista .
(src)="56"> Another saying that I 'm sure you have all heard around :
(src)="57"> Video games lead to attention problems and greater distractability .
(trg)="54"> Outra afirmación que seguro que oíron : os videoxogos provocan problemas de atención e distractibilidade .
(src)="58"> Okay , we know how to measure attention in the lab .
(trg)="55"> Pois no laboratorio podemos medir a atención .
(src)="59"> I 'm actually going to give you an example of how we do so .
(trg)="56"> Voulles poñer un exemplo de cómo facemos .
(src)="60"> I 'm going to ask you to participate , so you 're going to have to actually play the game with me .
(trg)="57"> Voulles pedir que participen , teñen que xogar comigo .
(src)="61"> I 'm going to show you colored words .
(trg)="58"> Voulles amosar palabras de cores .
(src)="62"> I want you to shout out the color of the ink .
(trg)="59"> Teñen que dicirme a cor da tinta .
(src)="63"> Right ?
(src)="64"> So this is the first example .
(trg)="60"> Aquí está o primeiro exemplo .
(src)="65"> [ " Chair " ]
(trg)="61"> [ " Cadeira " ]
(src)="66"> Orange , good .
(trg)="62"> Laranxa , correcto .
(src)="67"> [ " Table " ]
(trg)="63"> [ " Mesa " ]
(src)="68"> Green .
(trg)="64"> Verde .
(src)="69"> [ " Board " ]
(trg)="66"> Público : vermello Daphne Bavelier : vermello [ " Cabalo " ]
(src)="71"> Red . Daphne Bavelier :
(src)="72"> Red .
(trg)="67"> DB : marelo .
(src)="73"> [ " Horse " ]
(src)="74"> DB :
(src)="75"> Yellow .
(trg)="68"> Público : marelo .
(src)="78"> [ " Yellow " ]
(trg)="69"> [ " Marelo " ]
(src)="79"> DB :
(src)="80"> Red .
(trg)="70"> DB : voxo .
(src)="81"> Audience :
(src)="82"> Yellow .
(trg)="71"> Público : marelo .
(src)="83"> [ " Blue " ]
(trg)="72"> [ " Azul " ]
(src)="84"> DB :
(src)="85"> Yellow .
(trg)="73"> DB : marelo .
(src)="86"> Okay , you get my point , right ?
(trg)="74"> ( Risas )
(trg)="75"> Vale , collérono , non si ?
(src)="88"> You 're getting better , but it 's hard .
(src)="89"> Why is it hard ?
(trg)="76"> Van mellorando , pero é difícil .
(src)="90"> Because I introduced a conflict between the word itself and its color .
(trg)="77"> Por que ?
(trg)="78"> Porque introducín un conflito entre o significado da palabra e a súa cor .
(src)="91"> How good your attention is determines actually how fast you resolve that conflict , so the young guys here at the top of their game probably , like , did a little better than some of us that are older .
(trg)="79"> O que determina a rapidez en resolver o conflito é o boa que sexa a atención , así que os máis novos aquí , probablemente o fixeron un pouco mellor que os que somos máis vellos .
(src)="92"> What we can show is that when you do this kind of task with people that play a lot of action games , they actually resolve the conflict faster .
(trg)="80"> O que vemos con este tipo de tarefa é que as persoas que xogan moito con videoxogos de acción son máis rápidas resolvendo o conflito .
(src)="93"> So clearly playing those action games doesn 't lead to attention problems .
(trg)="81"> Así que está claro que os videoxogos de acción non provocan problemas de atención .
(src)="94"> Actually , those action video game players have many other advantages in terms of attention , and one aspect of attention which is also improved for the better is our ability to track objects around in the world .
(trg)="82"> En realidade , estes videoxogadores teñen moitas outras vantaxes en termos de atención , e un aspecto no que melloran é a capacidade para seguir obxectos coa vista .
(src)="95"> This is something we use all the time .
(trg)="83"> Facemos isto todo o tempo .
(src)="96"> When you 're driving , you 're tracking , keeping track of the cars around you .
(trg)="84"> Cando conducen , seguen coa vista os coches de arredor .
(src)="97"> You 're also keeping track of the pedestrian , the running dog , and that 's how you can actually be safe driving , right ?
(trg)="85"> Seguen coa vista ao peón , o can que pasa a correr , e iso chámase conducir ben .
(src)="98"> In the lab , we get people to come to the lab , sit in front of a computer screen , and we give them
(src)="99"> little tasks that I 'm going to get you to do again .
(trg)="86"> Cando a xente vén ao laboratorio , sentámolos diante dunha pantalla e poñémoslles tarefas como esta que lles propoño agora .
(src)="100"> You 're going to see yellow happy faces and a few sad blue faces .
(trg)="87"> Van ver caras marelas ledas e algunhas caras azuis tristes .
(src)="101"> These are children in the schoolyard in Geneva during a recess during the winter .
(trg)="88"> Son nenos no recreo , en Xenebra no inverno .
(trg)="89"> Os máis deles están ledos .
(src)="103"> It 's actually recess .
(trg)="90"> É o recreo .
(src)="104"> But a few kids are sad and blue because they 've forgotten their coat .
(trg)="91"> Pero algúns están tristes e azuis porque esqueceron o abrigo .
(src)="105"> Everybody begins to move around , and your task is to keep track of who had a coat at the beginning and who didn 't .
(trg)="92"> Todos empezan a moverse , e a súa tarefa é identificar aos que tiñan abrigo ao comezo e aos que non .
(src)="106"> So I 'm just going to show you an example where there is only one sad kid .
(trg)="93"> Voulles poñer un exemplo no que só hai un neno triste .
(src)="107"> It 's easy because you can actually track it with your eyes .
(trg)="94"> É doado , poden seguilo coa vista .
(src)="108"> You can track , you can track , and then when it stops , and there is a question mark , and I ask you , did this kid have a coat or not ?
(trg)="95"> Ségueno e , cando para , aparece unha interrogación e pregúntolles : este neno levaba ou non o abrigo ?
(src)="109"> Was it yellow initially or blue ?
(trg)="96"> Era marelo ou azul ao comezo ?
(src)="110"> I hear a few yellow .
(src)="111"> Good .
(trg)="97"> Oio algúns marelos .
(src)="112"> So most of you have a brain .
(trg)="98"> Ben .
(trg)="99"> A maioría teñen cerebro .