# bi/8Y4VbRaAamGD.xml.gz
# en/8Y4VbRaAamGD.xml.gz
(src)="1"> Freeman :
(trg)="1"> Freeman :
(src)="2"> The sun .
(trg)="2"> The sun .
(src)="3"> Its radiant light sustains nearly all beings on earth .
(trg)="3"> Its radiant light sustains nearly all beings on earth .
(src)="4"> Its glowing disk rises each day to give us new life and new opportunity .
(trg)="4"> Its glowing disk rises each day to give us new life and new opportunity .
(src)="5"> But the sun also holds a dark secret .
(trg)="5"> But the sun also holds a dark secret .
(src)="6"> Someday it will bathe the earth in a fiery holocaust .
(trg)="6"> Someday it will bathe the earth in a fiery holocaust .
(src)="7"> Can we move to a new home in the cosmos ?
(trg)="7"> Can we move to a new home in the cosmos ?
(src)="8"> Or could we master the laws of nature and create a new earth , a new star , or even a new universe ?
(trg)="8"> Or could we master the laws of nature and create a new earth , a new star , or even a new universe ?
(src)="9"> Can we survive the death of the sun ?
(trg)="9"> Can we survive the death of the sun ?
(src)="10"> Space , time , life itself .
(trg)="10"> Space , time , life itself .
(src)="11"> The secrets of the cosmos lie through the wormhole . ...
(trg)="11"> The secrets of the cosmos lie through the wormhole . ...
(src)="12"> Captions by Vitac ... www . Vitac . Com
(trg)="12"> Captions by Vitac ... www . Vitac . Com
(src)="13"> Captions Paid For By Discovery Communications .
(trg)="13"> Captions Paid For By Discovery Communications .
(src)="14"> Resync by Iscol@ HDVietNam . com
(trg)="14"> Resync by Iscol@ HDVietNam . com
(src)="15"> To survive in the cosmos , we must learn to think in time scales
(trg)="15"> To survive in the cosmos , we must learn to think in time scales
(src)="16"> longer than a single human life- span because the biggest threat to our existence will play out over billions of years .
(trg)="16"> longer than a single human life- span because the biggest threat to our existence will play out over billions of years .
(src)="17"> Our tiny speck in the universe , planet earth , is in terrible danger because the sun , the giant ball of hot plasma that fuels life , is dying and our time here is running out .
(trg)="17"> Our tiny speck in the universe , planet earth , is in terrible danger because the sun , the giant ball of hot plasma that fuels life , is dying and our time here is running out .
(src)="18"> When I was young , my mother and I moved from our rural home in sunny Mississippi to cold and crowded Chicago .
(trg)="18"> When I was young , my mother and I moved from our rural home in sunny Mississippi to cold and crowded Chicago .
(src)="19"> Heading to a strange , new place was unnerving , but I had no say in the matter .
(trg)="19"> Heading to a strange , new place was unnerving , but I had no say in the matter .
(src)="20"> We had to go , and that was that .
(trg)="20"> We had to go , and that was that .
(src)="21"> Will our entire civilization someday have no choice but to move to a new home ?
(trg)="21"> Will our entire civilization someday have no choice but to move to a new home ?
(src)="22"> Peter schroeder is an astrophysicist whose lifelong passion to study stars , like our sun , inspired him to also move far away from home , from a small town in Germany to sunny guanajuato , Mexico .
(trg)="22"> Peter schroeder is an astrophysicist whose lifelong passion to study stars , like our sun , inspired him to also move far away from home , from a small town in Germany to sunny guanajuato , Mexico .
(src)="23"> Mexico gets a lot of sun , and already the ancient cultures , therefore , worshiped the sun as one face of their God .
(trg)="23"> Mexico gets a lot of sun , and already the ancient cultures , therefore , worshiped the sun as one face of their God .
(src)="24"> And still today , you can ... you can feel the presence of the sun in this country .
(trg)="24"> And still today , you can ... you can feel the presence of the sun in this country .
(src)="25"> The colors of the houses reflect this closeness to sunny days .
(trg)="25"> The colors of the houses reflect this closeness to sunny days .
(src)="26"> Freeman :
(trg)="26"> Freeman :
(src)="27"> The more he studies the sun , the more he , too , venerates its godlike power , because the same sun that makes life possible on earth could eventually fill our sky with an ocean of fire .
(trg)="27"> The more he studies the sun , the more he , too , venerates its godlike power , because the same sun that makes life possible on earth could eventually fill our sky with an ocean of fire .
(src)="28"> In about five billion years , the sun will run out of hydrogen fuel .
(trg)="28"> In about five billion years , the sun will run out of hydrogen fuel .
(src)="29"> Then it begins to burn helium .
(trg)="29"> Then it begins to burn helium .
(src)="30"> Its core shoots up in temperature , and our star expands .
(trg)="30"> Its core shoots up in temperature , and our star expands .
(src)="31"> It will swallow Mercury ...
(trg)="31"> It will swallow Mercury ...
(src)="32"> Torch Venus ...
(trg)="32"> Torch Venus ...
(src)="33"> And grow perilously close to earth .
(trg)="33"> And grow perilously close to earth .
(src)="34"> It may even swallow our planet and vaporize everything we know .
(trg)="34"> It may even swallow our planet and vaporize everything we know .
(src)="36"> A colleague who was working on cosmology came up to my office , and he said ,
(trg)="36"> A colleague who was working on cosmology came up to my office , and he said ,
(src)="37"> " I 'm going to give a public talk to schoolkids ,
(trg)="37"> " I 'm going to give a public talk to schoolkids ,
(src)="38"> " and one of these questions is always ,
(trg)="38"> " and one of these questions is always ,
(src)="39"> ' will the sun become so big that it will swallow earth ? ' " and I said , " oh , yeah , good point , actually .
(trg)="39"> ' will the sun become so big that it will swallow earth ? ' " and I said , " oh , yeah , good point , actually .
(src)="40"> I have to look at my latest models . "
(trg)="40"> I have to look at my latest models . "
(src)="41"> Freeman :
(trg)="41"> Freeman :
(src)="42"> Peter was determined to find a definitive answer .
(trg)="42"> Peter was determined to find a definitive answer .
(src)="43"> Even though he uses complex computer programming , the core of his model can also be built from Clay , just like the world- famous pottery of his new hometown .
(trg)="43"> Even though he uses complex computer programming , the core of his model can also be built from Clay , just like the world- famous pottery of his new hometown .
(src)="44"> To understand what 's going on in the solar system , we first need a sun .
(trg)="44"> To understand what 's going on in the solar system , we first need a sun .
(src)="45"> This is the earth .
(trg)="45"> This is the earth .
(src)="46"> Then we put it ...
(trg)="46"> Then we put it ...
(src)="47"> Gracias .
(trg)="47"> Gracias .
(src)="48"> So , we can see it here in this orbit .
(trg)="48"> So , we can see it here in this orbit .
(src)="49"> Earth is not falling to the center of the bowl because of the centrifugal forces , and it would hang out there forever unless something is changing in this balance .
(trg)="49"> Earth is not falling to the center of the bowl because of the centrifugal forces , and it would hang out there forever unless something is changing in this balance .
(src)="50"> Freeman :
(trg)="50"> Freeman :
(src)="51"> The earth stays in orbit because of a perfect balance between its speed around the sun and our star 's gravity pulling it inwards .
(trg)="51"> The earth stays in orbit because of a perfect balance between its speed around the sun and our star 's gravity pulling it inwards .
(src)="52"> However , as our aging sun begins to burn helium , the intense heat generated in its core blasts away some of its outer layers and causes it to lose mass .
(trg)="52"> However , as our aging sun begins to burn helium , the intense heat generated in its core blasts away some of its outer layers and causes it to lose mass .
(src)="53"> Schroeder :
(trg)="53"> Schroeder :
(src)="54"> And in 7 1/ 2 billion years´ time , the sun is losing 1/ 3 of its mass and so it 's losing part of its grip on earth .
(trg)="54"> And in 7 1/ 2 billion years ' time , the sun is losing 1/ 3 of its mass and so it 's losing part of its grip on earth .
(src)="55"> Here we can demonstrate this by putting the speed up .
(trg)="55"> Here we can demonstrate this by putting the speed up .
(src)="56"> Okay .
(trg)="56"> Okay .
(src)="57"> So , now we see higher speed .
(trg)="57"> So , now we see higher speed .
(src)="58"> We will establish a larger orbit .
(trg)="58"> We will establish a larger orbit .
(src)="59"> We thought , well , that 's it .
(trg)="59"> We thought , well , that 's it .
(src)="60"> Earth survives , and we 'll be around forever .
(trg)="60"> Earth survives , and we 'll be around forever .
(src)="61"> Freeman :
(trg)="61"> Freeman :
(src)="62"> But Peter wondered if there was more to the story .
(trg)="62"> But Peter wondered if there was more to the story .
(src)="63"> The sun is not a solid ball .
(trg)="63"> The sun is not a solid ball .
(src)="64"> It is more like a mass of malleable Clay , one that can distort and bend when other bodies pull on it .
(trg)="64"> It is more like a mass of malleable Clay , one that can distort and bend when other bodies pull on it .
(src)="65"> Just as the gravity of the moon pulls up a tidal bulge in the earth 's liquid ocean , the earth can cause a tidal bulge in the sun 's fluid plasma .
(trg)="65"> Just as the gravity of the moon pulls up a tidal bulge in the earth 's liquid ocean , the earth can cause a tidal bulge in the sun 's fluid plasma .
(src)="66"> And this detail changed everything .
(trg)="66"> And this detail changed everything .
(src)="67"> Well , it took a few years until I figured out a way to quantitatively take into account the tidal interaction .
(trg)="67"> Well , it took a few years until I figured out a way to quantitatively take into account the tidal interaction .
(src)="68"> And so I programmed it into my computer model , and then the answer was ,
(trg)="68"> And so I programmed it into my computer model , and then the answer was ,
(src)="69"> " oh [ Bleep ]
(trg)="69"> " oh [ Bleep ]
(src)="70"> " Earth is plunging to the sun .
(trg)="70"> " Earth is plunging to the sun .
(src)="71"> We are doomed . "
(trg)="71"> We are doomed . "
(src)="73"> In about five billion years , our dying sun will pull the earth into its roiling fires .
(trg)="73"> In about five billion years , our dying sun will pull the earth into its roiling fires .
(src)="74"> Oceans , continents , even the earth 's metal core will boil away into hot plasma .
(trg)="74"> Oceans , continents , even the earth 's metal core will boil away into hot plasma .
(src)="75"> Nothing will survive .
(trg)="75"> Nothing will survive .
(src)="76"> He may be a face in the crowd today , but astrophysicist Greg laughlin could one day go down in history as the man who saved the world from a fiery death .
(trg)="76"> He may be a face in the crowd today , but astrophysicist Greg laughlin could one day go down in history as the man who saved the world from a fiery death .
(src)="77"> Some colleagues and I looked carefully at the problem .
(trg)="77"> Some colleagues and I looked carefully at the problem .
(src)="78"> Could you ... if you had , like , much more advanced technology than what we 've got , would it be possible to save the earth ?
(trg)="78"> Could you ... if you had , like , much more advanced technology than what we 've got , would it be possible to save the earth ?
(src)="79"> And how would you pull it off in the most elegant way ?
(trg)="79"> And how would you pull it off in the most elegant way ?
(src)="81"> Greg thinks he 's figured out how to win back the earth from the death grip of the sun .
(trg)="81"> Greg thinks he 's figured out how to win back the earth from the death grip of the sun .
(src)="82"> It 's a game plan of extreme patience and even more extreme precision .
(trg)="82"> It 's a game plan of extreme patience and even more extreme precision .
(src)="83"> Laughlin :
(trg)="83"> Laughlin :
(src)="84"> So , here 's a model of the earth , and if this represents the earth 's current position relative to the sun , as the sun expands in the sky , we 're gonna need to somehow move the earth further from the sun if we want life on earth to survive .
(trg)="84"> So , here 's a model of the earth , and if this represents the earth 's current position relative to the sun , as the sun expands in the sky , we 're gonna need to somehow move the earth further from the sun if we want life on earth to survive .
(src)="85"> Freeman :
(trg)="85"> Freeman :
(src)="86"> To move our entire planet to a cooler region of space ,
(trg)="86"> To move our entire planet to a cooler region of space ,
(src)="87"> Greg thinks we might employ a fundamental force of nature ... gravitational attraction .
(trg)="87"> Greg thinks we might employ a fundamental force of nature ... gravitational attraction .
(src)="88"> This magnet is a good model for the force of gravity because it 's fairly weak .
(trg)="88"> This magnet is a good model for the force of gravity because it 's fairly weak .
(src)="89"> I have to bring this magnet really close to the earth before I get any attractive effect .
(trg)="89"> I have to bring this magnet really close to the earth before I get any attractive effect .
(src)="90"> Freeman :
(trg)="90"> Freeman :
(src)="91"> Greg 's plan calls for extracting a 60- mile- wide rock from the asteroid belt and sending it on an intercept course with earth .
(trg)="91"> Greg 's plan calls for extracting a 60- mile- wide rock from the asteroid belt and sending it on an intercept course with earth .
(src)="92"> It would be the perfect gravitational magnet .
(trg)="92"> It would be the perfect gravitational magnet .
(src)="93"> So , if we 're gonna use the asteroid to move the earth , the gravitational pull from the asteroid is not very strong .
(trg)="93"> So , if we 're gonna use the asteroid to move the earth , the gravitational pull from the asteroid is not very strong .
(src)="94"> We 've got to , every single time , come in pretty close to the earth and really pull the earth to get the earth moving so that it 's at a farther orbit .
(trg)="94"> We 've got to , every single time , come in pretty close to the earth and really pull the earth to get the earth moving so that it 's at a farther orbit .
(src)="96"> The asteroid would fly laps around the solar system , beginning in the outer asteroid belt , swinging by earth every 10, 000 years and back again .
(trg)="96"> The asteroid would fly laps around the solar system , beginning in the outer asteroid belt , swinging by earth every 10, 000 years and back again .
(src)="97"> And each time it passes , it gently pulls us a mere 30 Miles further away from the sun , keeping us at the perfect distance ... not too cold , not too hot .
(trg)="97"> And each time it passes , it gently pulls us a mere 30 Miles further away from the sun , keeping us at the perfect distance ... not too cold , not too hot .
(src)="98"> But for such a high reward as saving the planet , there 's an even higher risk .
(trg)="98"> But for such a high reward as saving the planet , there 's an even higher risk .
(src)="99"> As the asteroid comes in close to the earth , it 's going really fast , and the absolute last thing you want to do is to hit the earth with the asteroid .
(trg)="99"> As the asteroid comes in close to the earth , it 's going really fast , and the absolute last thing you want to do is to hit the earth with the asteroid .
(src)="100"> That 'll cause a complete sterilization of the surface of the earth , and you 've completely screwed up what you were trying to accomplish .
(trg)="100"> That 'll cause a complete sterilization of the surface of the earth , and you 've completely screwed up what you were trying to accomplish .